Non Linear scale
How to convert simple scale to decibel scale ?
S12, S21 formula
S11 : should be low (reflection coeff less than -10)
S21 : approx 0 (transmission coeff less than -3)
S11 should be above 10 (in magnitude)
S21 should be below 3 degree (in magnitude)
Frequency inversely proportional to wavelength (for free space)
h : ht of substrate
w : width for 50ohm corresponding line
Single port only S11 will be observed
Optical fibre works on principle of Total Internal Reflection
Can be hollow or filled with dielectric, by this way we can control conducitivty of medium.
Waveguide acts as high pass filter
OFC Cables : Core + Clad
Different modes TEM
TE 10 : 1 => Half Sinusoidal (fundamental mode)
Magnetic field is perpendicular to the Electric Field.
TE 01 : Bidirectional (along yaxis)
m : No of modes
n : No of modes
EM wave does not enter waveguide (when we operate at lower frequency)
Electric field component in direction of propogation is zero.
For example if the wave is moving in z direction, Ez=0)
Design waveguide in TE mode TM mode
TE 10 ( 0 to pi of sinx graph )
S21 : Shows Transmission (from port 2 to port 1)
S12 : Shows Transmission (from port 1 to port 2)
Calculate a, b, fr
What if we change the face chosen by 90degrees ?
Maybe TE01 TE11 TH11
Next up : RF Filter
Lab opens at 9:40
Lab starts at 9:50
RF Filter
Types of Filter
Low pass, High pass, Band pass, Band stop
High impedance, Narrow width condutance
Low impedance broad width capacitor
First layer : ground then microstrip line (1.5mm height), third layer 50ohm, then inductance, then capacitance at center,
Height of substrate : 1.5mm
Di-electric constant FR4 : 4.5
Frequency 1GHz to 11GHz
Material : FR4 3.55, 0.5 0.8
ROgers RT 5880 0.5 1.5
Rogers RO
thickness =2mm
Roll No. Frequency Material Height
R1 1GHz FR4 0.5
R2 1GHz FR4 1.5
R3 1GHz RT 0.5
R4 1GHz RT 1.5
100,20 Z high low impedance
AIM
Calculation
Graph photo
Design photo
Q1. Fullform of CST
Q2. What are filters ?
Q3. Why do we use CST ?
Q4. What is a waveguide ? Use of waveguide ?
Q5. What is mesh size ? For a PC with low RAM, should we increase or decrease the mesh size ?
Q1. Fullform of LabView
Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench
Q2. When to use for loop, when to use while loop, which experiments used while loop.
Q3. Difference between while and for loop.
Q4. Name 10 components used in LabView