Volume 1 - Part One Pros and Cons of Inkjet Technology Introduce

--- tags: TIJ讀書會 title: Volume 1 - Part One Pros and Cons of Inkjet Technology Introduce --- # Pros and Cons of Inkjet Technology in Industrial Inkjet Printing ## Part One: Pros and Cons of Inkjet Technology For the engineers to select the appropriate printing technique for their speciﬁc application, it is essential to understand the technical capabilities, advantages, as well as disadvantages of those various printing methods. The two printing techniques that appear to be most suitable for applications in industry, and which are expected to grow fast are inkjet printing and screen printing. In our introductory Part One, we therefore focus on comparing the advantages and disadvantages of inkjet printing and screen printing. Chapter 1 comprises the pros and cons of inkjet technology as seen by the authors of this handbook. In Chapter 2 Gunter Hübner, an expert in screen printing, gives his view on the comparison of screen printing and inkjet technology with a focus on the recent advances of screen printing. Once the decision toward inkjet is made, it is time for the engineer or the reader to understand the technical complexity of inkjet printing, and to learn from the experts about the various topics, issues, problems, and solutions, as they are presented in the following Parts Two to Eleven. ## Part Two: Inks This part comprises 10 chapters provided by authors from different ink manufacturers. SunChemical gives an overview of industrial inkjet inks, before focusing on UV inks. BASF cover photoinitiators for UV inks and radiation sources for UV curing and UV radiation measurement. AGFA addresses low-migration UV inks, with applications in food packaging (e.g., see KHS Chapter 47). Ceramic inks are described by Colorobbia. Fujiﬁlm covers aqueous ink, and Sawgrass describes sublimation inks. Silver nanoparticle inks are covered by two companies, by Clariant and by Harima. OLED inks are described by Fraunhofer IAP. Several other chapters deal with silver-nano inks, namely, metrology in Chapter 25 (TNO-Holst), photonic sintering in Chapter 32 (NovaCentrix), and applications in Chapters 35 (TNO-Holst), Chapter 36 (HSG-IMAT), and Chapter 37 (M-SOLV). ## Part Three: Inkjet Printhead Technology Although there are more inkjet printhead technology companies out there, we here focus on the most common state-of-the art printhead types for industrial inkjet printing. A variety of piezo-based printheads are used in industrial applications, both as binary and gray scale, with or without recirculation, with bulk PZT or thin ﬁlm PZT MEMS printheads. Authors from Fujiﬁlm Dimatix, Konica Minolta, Xaar, and Memjet all describe their respective printhead technologies in detail. Bubble Jet inkjet printheads are described by Hewlett Packard, and KODAK covers its speciﬁc continuous jet STREAM technique. To help understand how the various inkjet printhead types perform in industrial applications, the authors refer to speciﬁc chapters in Part Eleven of this handbook. ## Part Four: Substrates A few different substrates as required in applications of industrial inkjet printing are addressed here, namely, coated paper, polymeric substrates, and glass substrates, for example, touch screen and displays. ## Part Five: Metrology Industrial inkjet applications, often in-line processes, require high and long-term reliability in order to provide productivity and high manufacturing yield. Precise and statistical measurements of critical ﬂuid, print, and product parameters are therefore necessary to control and monitor performance. Part Five presents state-of-the-art methods to measure complex ﬂuid rheology, monitor "printhead health" during operation, detect missing drops during heavy-duty printing, and monitor electrical conductivity of printed tracks during sintering. Summing up, the total control of the behavior of drops on substrates is of paramount importance to successful printing. ## Part Six: Data Flow A short chapter describes the importance of data handling with the example of an HP Inkjet Web Press, where high-quality single-pass web printing is enabled by various features at press start and during operation. ## Part Seven: Machine Integration Machine integration is central to any implementation of industrial inkjet printing, as is obvious from Figure 1. All interfaces are handled by the integrator. We therefore strongly suggest studying the chapters in Part Seven before planning a new implementation project. The authors give advice on which project tasks to conduct, in which sequence, which should be done in parallel, and so on. There are several different kinds of integrators. VdW Consulting typically supports the user onsite, Notion Systems is an example of integrators who build equipment for/with customers. Besides, there are larger industry companies that are capable of acting as their own integrator. Several examples of their machine integration and successful implementations are presented in Part Eleven. ## Part Eight: Pre- and Postprocesses Of key importance for any inkjet application is an optimum match of ink-to-printhead and ink-to-substrate to provide an as large as possible operational window for the application process. Pretreatment of the substrate surface is often used to improve the ink-to-substrate performance, while various posttreatment techniques are used for drying, curing, or sintering the inkjet-printed structures. Plasma pretreatment is described by Gerhard Liebel (PINK), UV LED curing by Dirk Exner (Phoseon), E-beam curing by Urs Läuppi (COMET), and photonic sintering by Vahid Akhavan (NovaCentrix). ## Part Nine: Printing Strategies To match the performance characteristics of printheads, setting ink and substrate requirements by the speciﬁc application is a highly complex task. The concepts and strategies to adapt inkjet printing to industrial application requirements are described in this part to address this task. ## Part Ten: Application Development Inkjet printing is making ground in ever new industrial application areas, and the authors in this part present concepts and approaches toward implementations. Concepts for inkjet printing onto curved surfaces, for example, are of key importance for “ direct-to-shape printing ” applications. Other important areas are 3D printing and the newly evolving inkjet printing in Life Sciences. Further conceptual applications in this part deal with inkjet printing of metal–nano-particle inks for printed electronics applications. ## Part Eleven: Successful Implementations and Case Studies Several successful implementations of industrial inkjet printing are described in detail in this part. The authors describe key technology tasks and problems they have tackled and solved. In case studies, the reader can join the author from machine concept to a complete solution in different application spaces such as digital multicolor direct decoration of cylindrical plastic bottles with high speed and high image quality, digital décor printing in the laminate industry, industrial inkjet in decorative web print applications, and single-pass inkjet printing for ceramic tile decoration. Several “hybrid” solutions are presented, wherein inkjet technology and other techniques are joined in highly complementary fashion to provide solutions that are well beyond the capabilities and limitations of the individual techniques. With the Graphium and the Gallus Labelﬁre, two such hybrid label presses are described from machine concept to machine solution. Two other hybrids described are inkjet + laser hybrid processing, an enabling technology for reliable production of ﬁne interconnects in large area electronics/displays, and the hybrid of inkjet and nanoimprint lithography, which provides nanometer pattern resolution combined with high-throughput. ## Glossary The glossary provides a broad set of industrial inkjet terms de ﬁ ned to help the neophyte or cross-disciplinarian to hit the ground running in industrial inkjet terminology and concepts. --- # 噴墨技術在工業噴墨打印中的優缺點 ## 第一部分：噴墨技術的優缺點工程師要為其特定應用選擇合適的印刷技術，必須了解這些不同印刷方法的技術能力、優點和缺點。兩種似乎最適合工業應用並有望快速增長的印刷技術是噴墨印刷和網版印刷。因此，在我們的介紹性第一部分中，我們重點比較了噴墨印刷和網版印刷的優缺點。第 1 章包括本手冊作者所看到的噴墨技術的優缺點。第 2 章網版印刷專家 Gunter Hübner 就網版印刷和噴墨技術的比較給出了他的觀點，重點是網版印刷的最新進展。一旦做出使用噴墨的決定，工程師或讀者就該了解噴墨打印的技術複雜性，並向專家學習各種主題、問題、和問題解決方案，它們在分別在第二部分到第十一部分。 ## 第二部分：墨水這部分包括由來自不同墨水製造商的作者提供的 10 章。在重點介紹 UV 油墨之前，SunChemical 概述了工業噴墨油墨。 BASF 負責了用於 UV 油墨的光引發劑和用於 UV 固化和 UV 輻射測量的輻射源。 AGFA 解決了低遷移率 UV 油墨，在食品包裝中的應用（例如，參見 KHS 第 47 章）。 Colorobbia 描述了陶瓷油墨。 Fujiﬁlm 負責水性墨水，而 Sawgrass 描述的是昇華墨水。銀納米粒子墨水由兩家公司提供，分別是 Clariant 和 Harima。 Fraunhofer IAP 則是描述了 OLED 墨水。其他幾章涉及銀納米油墨，即第 25 章 (TNO-Holst) 中的計量學，第 32 章 (NovaCentrix) 中的光燒結，以及第 35 章 (TNO-Holst)、第 36 章 (HSG-IMAT) 中的應用，和第 37 章（M-SOLV）。 ## 第三部分：噴墨打印頭技術雖然有更多的噴墨打印頭技術公司，但我們在這裡專注於工業噴墨打印最常見的最先進的打印頭類型。工業應用中使用了各種基於壓電的打印頭，無論是二進制還是灰度，是否帶有再循環，帶有散裝 PZT 或薄膜 PZT MEMS 打印頭。 Fujifilm Dimatix、Konica Minolta、Xaar 和 Memjet 的作者都詳細描述了各自的打印頭技術。 Bubble Jet 噴墨打印頭由 Hewlett Packard 描述，而 KODAK 涵蓋了其特定的連續噴墨 STREAM 技術。為了幫助理解各種噴墨打印頭類型在工業應用中的表現，作者參考了本手冊第 11 部分中的特定章節。 ## 第四部分：基材這裡討論了工業噴墨印刷應用中所需的幾種不同基材，即塗層紙、聚合物基材和玻璃基材，例如觸控螢幕和顯示器。 ## 第五部分：計量學工業噴墨應用，通常是在線流程，需要高長期的可靠性，以提供生產力和高製造產量。因此，必須對關鍵流體、印刷品和產品參數進行精確和統計測量，以控制和監測性能。第五部分介紹了測量複雜流體流變學、在操作過程中監測 "打印頭健康"、在重載打印過程中檢測丟失的液滴以及在燒結過程中監測打印軌跡的電導率最先進方法。總而言之，對基材上液滴行為的完全控制對於成功印刷至關重要。 ## 第六部分：資料流一個簡短的章節以 HP 噴墨紙捲印表機為例，介紹了資料處理的重要性，其中在印表機啟動和運行期間通過各種功能實現了高質量的單程紙捲列印。 ## 第七部分：機電整合機電整合是任何工業噴墨打印實施的核心，如圖 1 所示。所有介面均由整合控制器負責進行掌握。 ==因此，我們強烈建議在規劃新的實施項目之前先閱讀第七部分的章節。== 作者給出了關於執行哪些項目任務、以何種順序、哪些應該並行完成等方面的建議。有幾種不同類型的整合器。VdW Consulting 通常會在現場為用戶提供支持，Notion Systems 是為客戶/與客戶一起製造設備的整合商的一個例子。 ## 第八部分：預處理和後處理對於任何噴墨應用而言，至關重要的是墨水與打印頭和墨水與基材的最佳匹配，以便為應用過程提供盡可能大的操作窗口。基材表面的預處理通常用於提高油墨對基材的性能，而各種後處理技術用於乾燥、固化或燒結噴墨印刷結構。 Gerhard Liebel (PINK) 描述了等離子體預處理，Dirk Exner (Phoseon) 描述了 UV LED 固化，Urs Läuppi (COMET) 描述了電子束固化，Vahid Akhavan (NovaCentrix) 描述了光燒結。 ## 第九部分：打印策略為了匹配打印頭的性能特徵，根據特定應用設置墨水和基材要求是一項非常複雜的任務。這個部分描述了使噴墨打印適應工業應用要求的概念和策略，以解決此任務。 ## 第十部分：應用程序開發噴墨打印正在新的工業應用領域取得進展，這部分的作者介紹了實現的概念和方法。例如，在曲面上噴墨列印的概念對於“直接成型列印”應用至關重要。其他重要領域是 3D 列印和生命科學領域新近發展的噴墨列印。本部分中的進一步概念應用涉及用於列印電子應用的金屬納米粒子墨水的噴墨列印。 ## 第十一部分：成功實施和案例研究本部分詳細介紹了工業噴墨列印的幾種成功實現例。作者描述了他們處理和解決的關鍵技術任務和問題。在案例研究中，讀者可以與作者一起從機器概念到不同應用空間的完整解決方案，例如高速高影像品質的圓柱形塑料瓶數位多色直接轉印、複合材料行業的數位轉印印刷、工業噴墨在紙捲列印上的應用，以及用於陶瓷轉印的單程 (Signal-Pass) 噴墨列印。幾個“混合”解決方案被呈現，其中噴墨技術和其他技術在高度互補的方式被接合，以提供遠遠超出的各個技術的能力和局限性的解決方案。通過 Graphium 和 Gallus Labelfire，從機器概念到機器解決方案描述了兩種這樣的混合標籤印表機。另外兩種描述的混合方法是噴墨 + 雷射混合處理，這是一種在大面積電子設備/顯示器中，一種可靠生產與精細互連的致能技術，另外還有噴墨和奈米壓印(Nanoimprint Lithography,NIL)光刻的混合技術，可提供奈米圖案解析度和高通量。 ## 專業術語該詞彙表提供了一組廣泛的工業噴墨術語，旨在幫助初學者或跨學科的人在工業噴墨術語和概念方面取得成功。