To connect a 1602 (HD44780) LCD with an I²C backpack (usually [PCF8574](https://www.onzuu.com/search/PCF8574)/[PCF8574A](https://www.onzuu.com/search/PCF8574A)) to [Arduino](https://www.ampheo.com/c/development-board-arduino), you only need 4 wires and a small library.


**1) Hardware you need**

* LCD1602 + I²C backpack (PCF8574) attached on the back (or a ready-made I²C 1602)
* 4 [jumper wires](https://www.onzuu.com/category/jumper-wires-pre-crimped-leads)

**2) Wiring (Arduino ↔ I²C backpack)**

Backpack pins are usually: VCC, GND, SDA, SCL

**[Arduino Uno](https://www.ampheo.com/product/a000046-25542493) / Nano / Pro Mini**

* VCC → 5V
* GND → GND
* SDA → A4
* SCL → A5

**[Arduino Mega 2560](https://www.ampheo.com/product/a000067-25542697)**

* SDA → 20
* SCL → 21

**[Arduino Leonardo](https://www.ampheo.com/product/a000057-25542716) / Micro**

* SDA → 2
* SCL → 3
(or use the board’s dedicated SDA/SCL pins)

Most 1602 I²C backpacks are made for 5V. If you use a 3.3V board (ESP32, some ARM [Arduinos](https://www.ampheoelec.de/c/development-board-arduino)), you may need level shifting or a 3.3V-friendly module.

**3) Find the I²C address (important)**

Common addresses are 0x27 or 0x3F, but don’t guess—scan.

Upload this I²C scanner:

#include <Wire.h>

void setup() {
  Wire.begin();
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial) {}
  Serial.println("I2C scan...");
}

void loop() {
  byte error, address;
  int nDevices = 0;

  for (address = 1; address < 127; address++) {
    Wire.beginTransmission(address);
    error = Wire.endTransmission();

    if (error == 0) {
      Serial.print("Found: 0x");
      if (address < 16) Serial.print("0");
      Serial.println(address, HEX);
      nDevices++;
    }
  }
  if (nDevices == 0) Serial.println("No I2C devices found");
  else Serial.println("Done");
  delay(3000);
}

Open Serial Monitor → note the address (e.g., 0x27).

**4) Install an LCD I²C library**

Two good options:

* LiquidCrystal_I2C (simple and common)
* hd44780 (more robust; auto-detects many backpack mappings)

I’ll show the common LiquidCrystal_I2C approach.

**5) Test code (LiquidCrystal_I2C)**

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

// Change 0x27 to whatever your scanner found
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

void setup() {
  lcd.init();           // initialize LCD
  lcd.backlight();      // turn on backlight

  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Hello, I2C!");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("LCD1602 + UNO");
}

void loop() {
}

**6) Troubleshooting (90% of issues)**

* Backlight on but no text → turn the contrast [potentiometer](https://www.onzuu.com/category/potentiometers) on the backpack (small blue/green screw) until characters appear.
* Nothing found in I²C scan → SDA/SCL swapped, missing GND, wrong pins for your board, bad solder joints on backpack header.
* Gibberish / blocks / weird chars → wrong I²C address or backpack pin mapping doesn’t match your library. Try the hd44780 library if this happens.
* Works sometimes → too-long wires, weak power, missing pull-ups (most backpacks already have pull-ups).