## Personality Psychology ### The Inner Psychic Approach ### Jung's Analytical Psychoanalysis <!-- Put the link to this slide here so people can follow --> **Rizqy Amelia Zein** Department of Personality and Social Psychology course website: https://s.id/amerta google classroom: cyhrwcw --- <div style="text-align: left"> My life is a story of ==the self-realization of the unconscious==. Everything in the unconscious ==seeks outward manifestation==, and the personality too desires to evolve out of its unconscious conditions. -- Carl Jung </div>  --- ## Psychic Energy :lightning: <div style="text-align: left"> * Unlike Freud, Jung argued that ***libido*** was not primarily sexual, but it was a broad, undifferentiated life energy. * ***Libido*** in Jung's system: - As a diffuse, general energy. - A narrower, inner psychic energy that fuels the formation of personality, which he later named ==***psyche***== - Jung used ***psyche*** and personality interchangeably </div> --- ### The Principle of Psychic Energy :one: <div style="text-align: left"> * Jung drew ideas from physics to explain the functioning of psychic energy, which are; * ***The principle of opposites*** :arrow_right: The existence of ==opposites or polarities== in physical energy in the universe, such as heat versus cold. - ==Every wish or feeling has its opposite== - The sharper the conflict between polarities, the greater will be the energy produced </div> --- ### The Principle of Psychic Energy :two: <div style="text-align: left"> * ***The principle of equivalence*** :arrow_right: If the psychic value in a particular area weakens or disappears, that ==energy is transferred elsewhere== in the psyche * if we lose interest in a person, a hobby, or a field of study, the psychic energy formerly invested in that area is ==shifted to a new one== * The psychic energy used for ==conscious activities== while we are awake is ==shifted to dreams== when we are asleep </div> --- ### The Principle of Psychic Energy :three: <div style="text-align: left"> * ***The entropy principle*** :arrow_right: A tendency toward ==maintaining a balance== or equilibrium in the personality * If two desires ==differ greatly== in their psychic energy, it will ==flow== from ==the more strongly held== to ==the weaker== * But, if ==perfect balance were attained==, then the personality would have ==no psychic energy== as ***==the opposition principle==*** requires conflict for psychic energy to be produced </div> --- ## Aspects of Personality :person_in_lotus_position: <div style="text-align: left"> Jung believed that the total personality, or psyche, is composed of ==***several distinct systems or aspects***== that can influence one another. </div>  --- ## :one: The Ego <div style="text-align: left"> * The ego is the ==center of consciousness==, the part of the psyche concerned with ==perceiving==, ==thinking==, ==feeling==, and ==remembering==. * It is ==our awareness of ourselves== and is responsible for carrying out all the normal everyday activities of waking life. * The ego acts in ==a selective way==, admitting into conscious awareness ==only a portion of the stimuli== to which we are exposed. </div> --- ### :two: The Attitudes: Extro and Introversion <div style="text-align: left"> * Much of our conscious perception of our environment is determined by ==the opposing mental attitudes== * ***==Extraversion==*** :arrow_right: An attitude of the psyche characterized by an orientation toward ==the external world and other people== * ***==Introversion==*** :arrow_right: An attitude of the psyche characterized by an orientation toward ==one’s own thoughts and feelings== </div> ---  --- ### :three: Psychological Functions <div style="text-align: left"> * ...==opposing ways of perceiving== both the external real world and our subjective inner world * Jung posited ==four functions of the psyche==: sensing, intuiting, thinking, and feeling * ***==Sensing and intuiting==*** are grouped together as nonrational functions because they do not use the processes of reason * ==***Thinking and feeling***== are rational functions that involve making judgments and evaluations about our experiences </div> --- ### :four: Psychological Types Jung proposed eight psychological types, based on the interactions of the two attitudes and four functions  --- ### :five: Personal vs Collective Unconscious <div style="text-align: left"> * ***==Personal unconscious==*** :arrow_right: a reservoir of material that was once conscious but has been ==forgotten or suppressed== because it was ==trivial or disturbing== - It is similar to Freud’s concept of the preconscious </div> --- ### :five: Personal vs Collective Unconscious <div style="text-align: left"> * ***==Collective unconscious==*** :arrow_right: The deepest level of the psyche containing the ==accumulation of inherited experiences== of human and pre-human species - In his studies of ancient cultures, both mythical and real, Jung discovered what he believed to be ==common themes and symbols== that appeared in ==diverse parts of the world== </div> --- ### :six: Complexes <div style="text-align: left"> * A complex is ==a core or pattern of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes== organized around ==a common theme== * For example, some people have a complex about ==power or status==, they are preoccupied with that theme to the point where it influences behavior - They might try ==to become powerful== by running for elective office </div> --- ### :seven: Archetypes <div style="text-align: left"> * The ancient experiences (or ***primordial images***) contained in the collective unconscious are manifested by recurring themes or patterns * ***The persona*** :arrow_right: ==a mask, a public face== we wear to present ourselves as someone different from who we really are - It can be harmful if we come to believe that it reflects our true nature :arrow_right: ==inflation of the persona== </div> --- ### :seven: Archetypes <div style="text-align: left"> * ***==The anima and animus==*** :arrow_right: an archetypes refer to Jung’s recognition that humans are essentially ==bisexual== - The psyche of the ==woman contains masculine== aspects (the animus archetype), and the psyche of the ==man contains feminine== aspects (the anima archetype) </div> ---  --- ### :seven: Archetypes <div style="text-align: left"> * ***The shadow*** :arrow_right: The ==most powerful== archetype has ==the sinister and mysterious== name of shadow, which contains ==the basic, primitive animal instincts== - We must at all times restrain, overcome, and defend against these primitive impulses - The shadow is the source of evil, but it is also ==the source of vitality==, ==spontaneity==, ==creativity==, and ==emotion== </div> --- ### :seven: Archetypes <div style="text-align: left"> * ***The self*** :arrow_right: represents ==the unity, integration, and harmony== of the total personality - The striving toward that wholeness is the ultimate goal of life. * This archetype involves ==bringing together== and balancing all parts of the personality * The self shifts from the ego to a point of equilibrium ==midway between== the opposing forces of ==the conscious and the unconscious== </div> ---  --- ## Personality Development :family:  --- ## Individuation :100: <div style="text-align: left"> * ..becoming ==an individual, fulfilling== one’s capacities, and ==developing one’s self== * There are ==several stages== through which we must proceed before we can reach Jung’s ideal of self-fulfillment </div> --- ## Individuation :100: <div style="text-align: left"> * ***Confront the unconscious*** :arrow_right: the unconscious forces ==must be assimilated and balanced== with the conscious * ***Dethrone the persona*** :arrow_right: we must come to ==accept the genuine self== that the persona has been covering </div> --- ## Individuation :100: <div style="text-align: left"> * ***Accept our dark side*** :arrow_right: A greater awareness of ==both the destructive and the constructive aspects== of the shadow will give the personality a deeper and fuller dimension, because the shadow’s tendencies bring zest, spontaneity, and vitality to life * ***Accept our anima and animus*** :arrow_right: Accepting ==the emotional qualities of both sexes== opens new sources of creativity and serves as the final release from parental influences </div> --- ## Individuation :100: <div style="text-align: left"> * ***Transcend*** :arrow_right: an ==innate== tendency ==toward unity or wholeness== in the personality, uniting all the opposing aspects within the psyche - Environmental factors, such as an unsatisfactory marriage or a frustrating job, can inhibit the process of transcendence and prevent the full achievement of the self. </div> --- ### Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) :1234: <div style="text-align: left"> * A personality assessment related to Jung’s personality theory is the MBTI, developed in the 1920s by Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers * MBTI is ==the most popular and most frequently used personality test== ever devised and is taken by more than two million people every year for hiring and promotion decisions * But... </div> --- ### Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) :1234: <div style="text-align: left"> * Neither Isabel nor Katharine Briggs had [formal trainings](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06614-8) in Psychology or Psychometrics * MBTI is, psychometrically speaking, [questionable](https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12434) - It does not measure personality (not sure what it measures) :arrow_right: validity - It does not give people consistent result :arrow_right: reliability * It's [excessively commercial](https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/bjv8y5/the-myers-briggs-personality-test-bullshit) </div> --- ### Thank you! :tada: You can find me on: - [My personal website](https://rameliaz.github.io/) - [Twitter](https://twitter.com/ameliazein) - [..or email](mailto:amelia.zein@psikologi.unair.ac.id)