Personality Psychology
The Limited-Domain Approach
Facets of Personality: Taking Control, Taking Chances, and Finding Happiness
Rizqy Amelia Zein
Department of Personality and Social Psychology
google classroom: rhinbxh
Introduction 
- An increasing number of contemporary personality psychologists have concluded that no single theory can provide a comprehensive explanation for all aspects of personality and behavior.
- This has given rise to a newer, limited-domain approach to personality.
- More restricted in scope, focusing on more circumscribed personality factors.
Introduction 
- The focus began to shift away from the whole person when the study of personality was brought out of the clinic and into the research laboratory.
- Experimental psychologists typically study only one variable at a time, controlling or holding constant all others.
- They concentrate on a limited area of investigation.
Introduction 
- Proponents of these limited-domain theories place less emphasis on the therapeutic value of their ideas.
- Typically they are researchers, not clinicians, and, as a result, are more interested in investigating personality than in changing it.
Facets of Personality 
- Julian Rotter
Locus of Control 
- Marvin Zuckerman Sensation Seeking
- Martin E. Seligman Learned Helplessness
Locus of Control
- Rotter found that..
- Some people believe that their reinforcers depend on their own actions.
- Others believe their reinforcers are controlled by other people and by outside forces.
- He called this concept locus of control.
Locus of Control
- People who have an internal locus of control believe that the reinforcement they receive is under the control of their own behaviors and abilities.
- Those with an external locus of control believe that other people, fate, or luck control the rewards they receive.
- They are convinced that they are powerless with respect to outside forces.
Sensation Seeking
- Zuckerman describes sensation seeking as a desire for “varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experience, and the willingness to take physical, social, legal, and financial risks for the sake of such experience”
- We might call it simply “taking chances.”
Aspects Sensation Seeking
- Thrill and adventure seeking A desire to engage in physical activities involving speed, danger, novelty, and defiance of gravity
- Experience seeking The search for novel experiences through travel, music, art, or a nonconformist lifestyle with similarly inclined people.
Aspects Sensation Seeking
- Disinhibition The need to seek release in uninhibited social activities such as risky sex, impulsiveness, aggressiveness, and antisocial behaviors.
- Boredom susceptibility An aversion to repetitive experiences, routine work, and predictable people, and a reaction of restless discontent when exposed to such situations.
Good & Bad Sensation Seeking 
- The good type, or non-impulsive socialized sensation seeking, involves the thrill- and adventure-seeking component.
- The bad type, impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking, consists of high scores on the disinhibition, experience seeking, and boredom susceptibility components
Learned Helplessness 
- Learned helplessness A condition resulting from the perception that we have no control over our environment.
- Seligman expanded his work on learned helplessness to encompass the factor of optimism versus pessimism.
- It is not only the lack of control under conditions of learned helplessness that affects our health but how we explain this lack of control to ourselves.
Explanatory Style
- An optimistic explanatory style prevents helplessness
- A pessimistic explanatory style spreads helplessness to all facets of life.
Happiness 
- Psychologists have variously labeled the happy personality in terms such as subjective well-being or life satisfaction
- They define it as encompassing a cognitive evaluation of the quality of one’s life experience and the possession of positive moods and emotions.
- Thus, happiness has both rational and emotional aspects.
Happiness and success 
- Which comes first: happiness and success?
- Are some people happy because they are successful, or are they successful because they are happy?
Happiness and success
- Happiness, or subjective well-being, leads to the kinds of behaviors that bring about success.
- People high in subjective well-being “are more likely to secure job interviews, to be evaluated more positively by supervisors once they obtain a job, [and] to show superior performance and productivity”
Personality Psychology The Limited-Domain Approach Facets of Personality: Taking Control, Taking Chances, and Finding Happiness Rizqy Amelia Zein Department of Personality and Social Psychology google classroom: rhinbxh
{"metaMigratedAt":"2023-06-15T07:28:03.333Z","metaMigratedFrom":"YAML","title":"personality-psych-week-14","breaks":true,"description":"materi kuliah Psikologi Kepribadian minggu 14","contributors":"[{\"id\":\"6291606a-b308-4073-872b-e429d6c41f10\",\"add\":6680,\"del\":73}]"}