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- Source:: [The Neuroscience of Trust](https://hbr.org/2017/01/the-neuroscience-of-trust)
- Highlights:: 
    - - Employees in high-trust organizations are more productive, have more energy at work, collaborate better with their colleagues, and stay with their employers longer than people working at low-trust companies. They also suffer less chronic stress and are happier with their lives, and these factors fuel stronger performance.
    - Why do two people trust each other in the first place? Experiments around the world have shown that humans are naturally inclined to trust others—but don’t always.
    - In [our experiment,](http://www.neuroeconomicstudies.org/images/stories/documents/ZakatalH.pdf) a participant chooses an amount of money to send to a stranger via computer, knowing that the money will triple in amount and understanding that the recipient may or may not share the spoils. Therein lies the conflict: The recipient can either keep all the cash or be trustworthy and share it with the sender.
    - We found that the more money people received (denoting greater trust on the part of senders), the more oxytocin their brains produced. And the amount of oxytocin recipients produced predicted how trustworthy—that is, how likely to share the money—they would be.
    - Compared with people at low-trust companies, people at high-trust companies report:  74% less stress,  106% more energy at work,  50% higher productivity,  13% fewer sick days,  76% more engagement,  29% more satisfaction with their lives,  40% less burnout.
    - The neuroscience shows that recognition has the largest effect on trust when it occurs immediately after a goal has been met, when it comes from peers, and when it’s tangible, unexpected, personal, and public. Public recognition not only uses the power of the crowd to celebrate successes, but also inspires others to aim for excellence.
    - When a manager assigns a team a difficult but achievable job, the moderate stress of the task releases neurochemicals, including oxytocin and adrenocorticotropin, that intensify people’s focus and strengthen social connections.
    - When team members need to work together to reach a goal, brain activity coordinates their behaviors efficiently. But this works only if challenges are attainable and have a concrete end point; vague or impossible goals cause people to give up before they even start. Leaders should check in frequently to assess progress and adjust goals that are too easy or out of reach.
    - The need for achievability is reinforced by Harvard Business School professor Teresa Amabile’s findings on the [power of progress:](/2011/05/the-power-of-small-wins) When Amabile analyzed 12,000 diary entries of employees from a variety of industries, she found that 76% of people reported that their best days involved making progress toward goals
    - The brain network that oxytocin activates is evolutionarily old. This means that the trust and sociality that oxytocin enables are deeply embedded in our nature. Yet at work we often get the message that we should focus on completing tasks, not on making friends.
    - [Neuroscience experiments by my lab](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832785/) show that when people intentionally build social ties at work, their performance improves. [A Google study](/2013/12/how-google-sold-its-engineers-on-management) similarly found that managers who “express interest in and concern for team members’ success and personal well-being” outperform others in the quality and quantity of their work.
    - Yes, even engineers need to socialize. [A study of software engineers](http://www.amazon.com/Give-Take-Helping-Others-Success/dp/0143124986) in Silicon Valley found that those who connected with others and helped them with their projects not only earned the respect and trust of their peers but were also more productive themselves.
    - It may sound like forced fun, but when people care about one another, they perform better because they don’t want to let their teammates down. Adding a moderate challenge to the mix (white-water rafting counts) will speed up the social-bonding process.
    - After identifying and measuring the managerial behaviors that sustain trust in organizations, my team and I tested the impact of trust on business performance.
    - My team also found that those working in high-trust companies enjoyed their jobs 60% more, were 70% more aligned with their companies’ purpose, and felt 66% closer to their colleagues. And a high-trust culture improves how people treat one another and themselves. Compared with employees at low-trust organizations, the high-trust folks had 11% more empathy for their workmates, depersonalized them 41% less often, and experienced 40% less burnout from their work. They felt a greater sense of accomplishment, as well—41% more.
