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# PREPOSITIONS

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__[editable, not production ready LUL]__

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### Using prepositions after certain verbs
[memo: use blue book as source]

DEFINITION
: A __preposition__ is a word that indicates location (in, near, beside) or some other relationship (about, after, besides) between a noun or pronoun and other parts of the sentence. A preposition isn't a preposition unless it goes with a related noun or pronoun, called the __object of the preposition.__

EXAMPLES
: - Let's meet before noon.
__Before__ is a preposition; _noon_ is its object
- We've never met before.
There is no object; __before__ is an _adverb_ modifying __met.__ [ meet / met / met ]

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## Preposition of Place

[description here]

IN
: a country, a city, a suburb, a town, a village, a neighbourhood, a district.

AT
: an address (10 Smith Street).

ON
: a street, road, avenue etc (on 5th Avenue), on the 2nd floor, on the corner of Blue Street, and Jane Ave, on an island, on a continent.

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| at | Examples | on | Examples | in | Examples |
| ------ | ----------------------------- | ------ | --------------------------------------- | ------ | ---------------------- |
| __at__ | 5 o'clock (with time) | __on__ | Sunday (days of the week) | __in__ | October (with months) |
| __at__ | midnight / noon | __on__ | Monday | __in__ | 2020 (with years) |
| __at__ | night | __on__ | Tuesday | __in__ | May 1990 |
| __at__ | lunchtime | __on__ | Wednesday | __in__ | the 1960s |
| __at__ | sunset | __on__ | Thursday | __in__ | (the) summer (seasons) |
| __at__ | sunrise | __on__ | Friday | __in__ | (the) autumn (fall) |
| __at__ | the weekend | __on__ | Saturday | __in__ | (the) winter |
| __at__ | the weekends (weekends) | __on__ | Fridays (days of the week) | __in__ | the 19th century |
| __at__ | the Christmas (with holidays) | __on__ | 5 May 2020 (with dates) | __in__ | the Middle Ages |
| __at__ | the moment | __on__ | my birthday | __in__ | the past |
| __at__ | the same time | __on__ | Christmas Day (if there are _day_ word) | __in__ | the future |

Exceptions:
Friday morning / Sunday evening...

[translation for Japanese]
| Prepositions of place | jp | Prepositions of time | jp | Prepositions of direction | jp |
| --------------------- | --- | -------------------- | --- | ------------------------- | --- |
| in | | at | | to | |
| inside | | in | | into | |
| at | | by | | out of | |
| on | | on | | from | |
| in front of | | till | | towards | |
| behind | | until | | across | |
| between | | since | | along | |
| beside | | for | | up | |
| near | | between | | down | |
| through | | during | | onto | |
| against | | before | | off | |
| under | | after | | to the left | |
| across | | through | | to the right | |
| round | | | | straight ahead | |
| in the middle of | | | | | |
| by | | | | | |
| above | | | | | |
| below | | | | | |
| over | | | | | |
| in the corner of | | | | | |
| among (like among us) | | | | | |
| on the right | | | | | |
| on the left | | | | | |
| not far | | | | | |
| a long way from | | | | | |
| | | | | | |

---

__Prepositions -- Place, Position and Direction:__
[describe somehow]

| Prepositions | Usage | Example |
| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| in | room, building, street, town, country | in the kitchen, in Japan |
| | book, paper, etc | in the book |
| | car, taxi | in the car, in a taxi |
| | picture, world | in the picture, in the world |
| at | meaning next to, by an object | at the door, at the station |
| | for table | at the table |
| | for events | at a concert, at the party |
| | place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work) | at the cinema, at school, at work, at karaoke xD |
| on | attached | the picture on the wall |
| | for a place with a river | London lies on the Thames |
| | being on a surface | on the table |
| | for a certain side (left, right) | on the left, on the right |
| | for a floor in a house | on the first floor |
| | for public transport | on the bus, on a plane |
| | for television, radio | on TV, on the radio |
| by, next to, beside | left or right of somebody or something | Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car |
| under | on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else | the bag is under the table |
| below | lower than something else but above ground | the fish are below the surface |
| over | covered by something else | put a jacket over your shirt |
| | meaning more than | over 16 years of age |
| | getting to the other side (also across) | walk over the bridge |
| | overcoming an obstacle | climb over the wall |
| above | higher than something else, but not directly over it | a path above the lake |
| across | getting to the other side (also over) | walk across the bridge |
| | getting to the other side | swim across the lake |
| through | something with limits on top, bottom and the sides | drive through the tunnel |
| to | movement to person or building | go to the cinema |
| | movement to a place or country | go to London / Ireland |
| | for bed | go to bed |
| into | enter a room / a building | go into the kitchen / the house |
| towards | movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it) | go 5 steps towards the house |
| onto | movement to the top of something | jump onto the table |
| from | in the sense of where from | a flower from the garden |

__Prepositions -- Time__

| Prepositions | Usage | Example |
| ----------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| on | days of week | on Monday, Sunday etc... |
| in | months / seasons | in August / in winter |
| | time of day | in the morning |
| | year | in 2021 |
| | after a certain period of time (when ?) | in an hour |
| at | for night | at night |
| | for weekend | at the weekend |
| | a certain point of time (when ?) | at half past nine |
| since | from a certain point of time (past till now) | since 1980 |
| for | over a certain period of time (past till now) | for 2 years |
| ago | a certain time in the past | 2 years ago |
| before | earlier than a certain point of time | before 2015 |
| to | telling the time | ten to six (5:50) |
| past | telling the time | ten past six (6:10) |
| to / till / until | marking the beginning and end of a period of time | form Monday to / till Friday |
| till / until | in the sense of _how long something is going to last_ | He is on holidays until Friday |
| by | in the sense of _at the latest_ | I will be back by 6 o'clock |
| | up to a certain time | By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages |

__Prepositions -- eeeetc....__

| Prepositions | Usage | Example |
| ------------ | ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| from | who gave it | a present from Jane |
| of | who / what does it belong to | a page of the book |
| | what does it show | the picture of a place |
| by | who made it | a book by Mark Twain |
| on | walking or riding no horseback | on foot, on horseback |
| | entering a public transport vehicle | get on the bus |
| in | entering a car / Taxi | get in the car |
| off | leaving a public transport vehicle | get off the train |
| out of | leaving a car / Taxi | get out of the taxi |
| by | rise or fall of something | prices have risen by 10% |
| | travelling (other than walking or horseriding) | by car, by bus |
| at | for age | she learned drawing at 10 |
| about | for topics, meaning _what about_ | we were talking about you |

---

__More examples:__

| at | in | on |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| He gets up __at__ four o'clock | They live __in__ Japan | She lives __on__ an island |
| She is __at__ the library | I like to travel __in__ summer | Let's get __on__ the bus |
| They _loughed_ __at__ my joke | He was born __in__ 1999 | What's __on__ television ? |
| Who is __at__ the door ? | What do you do __in__ the evening, あだら先輩 ? | Where will you go __on__ holiday ? |
| I'm good __at__ singing | Russia is the biggest country __in__ the world | Do you live __on__ this block ? |
| What happens __at__ the end of the movie ? (spoil lover :D) | He was __in__ a car accident | I get up early __on__ weekdays |
| Are they __at__ school now ? | Can we do it __in__ time ? | The picture is __on__ the wall |
| Look __at__ that | We plan to move __in__ a year from now | I'm __on__ the phone |
| They smiled __at__ me | I get up late __in__ the morning | Am I late or __on__ time ? |
| I'm bad __at__ math (not me LUL) | Do you believe __in__ ghosts ? | We agreed __on__ it |
| I often stay up late __at__ night ('cause I love Apex, ｗｗｗｗ) | I will be there __in__ a few minutes | Put it __on__ the table, please |

__'cause == because__
__'cause NOT cause__

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[SOURCE](https://englishan.com/prepositions)

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[SOURCE](https://www.eslbuzz.com/how-to-use-prepositions-of-place-at-in-on/)

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__Examples:__

at 2 o'clock
by 6 o'clock
since 4 o'clock
from 5 to 6 o'clock
till 10 o'clock

in 3 days summer
for 2 weeks
during the holidays

before my summer holidays
after my summer holidays



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## Prepositions after verbs
[description here]

A : What are you __thinking about__ ?
B : Oh! I was __thinking about__ UFO's.
A : UFO's ? I've never heard of them.

We use __think of__ to talk about something that suddenly comes to our mind, and __think about__ when we consider something over a longer period of time.
- He __thought of__ a new idea to tackle the problem.
- He constantly __thought about__ the problem he was facing.

We use __think of__, not __think about__ to ask and to give opinions, to talk about an idea, and to talk about remembering something.
- What do you __think of__ my new hairstyle ? (asking opinion)
- We __think__ a lot __of__ our principal. (respect)
- Can you __think of__ a way to solve this problem ? (get an idea)
- I just can't __think of__ where we first met. (remembering)

We also use __(be) thinking of + gerund__ to express intentions.
- I'm __thinking of joining__ the army.
- She's __thinking of buying__ a diamond necklace.

We use both __hear about__ and __hear of__ to mean gaining information about someone or something.
__Hear about__ (not, __hear of__) is preferred when we talk about getting some __news__.
- I __heard about__ his death this morning.
- Have you __heard about__ the result ?

We use __hear of__ (rather than __hear about__) to indicate knowledge about something or somebody.
- Have you __heard of__ a two headed snake ? (Do you think a two headed snake exists?)
- You must have __heard of__ the __Fewa lake__. It's in Pokhara.

__Hear from__ is used to mean communication from someone in the form of a letter, mail, phone call etc...
- I __heard from__ Jane last week. She's in Japan.
- Did you __hear from__ your mother yesterday ?

We __laugh at__ something or someone amusing that's in our presence, while we __laugh about__ something or someone amusing remembering them at a later date.
- He showed me some of his cartoon pictures. We both __laughed at__ them.
- The film had amused her so much that she was __laughing about__ it on the way home.

__Laugh at__ is also used to mean _make unkind remarks about someone_.
- She __laughed at__ my failure.
- She __laughed at__ my favorite anime and I broke up with her. LUL
- Don't __laugh at__ the poor.