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# System prepended metadata

title: CONDITIONALS

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# CONDITIONALS

## Type 0: Used to talk about general truths or scientific facts

### Form: If / When + Present Simple

**Examples:**

- **If** you freeze water it turns into ice.
- **If** I work too much I get tired.

## Type 1: Used to talk about things that might happen in the future (possible events)

### Form: If + Present Simple + will / won't + infinitive verb (without "to")

#### Usage: It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled

> &emsp; We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition.
> There is a real possibility that this condition will happen.
> For example, it is morning. You are at home. You plan to play tennis this afternoon.
> But there are some clouds in the sky. What will you do? 
> - **If** *it rains* tomorrow, we **will** stay at home.

**Examples:**

- **If** *I find* her address, I **will** send her an invitation.
- **Unless** *I feel* better, I **won't** go the party.
- **If** *it rains* tomorrow, We **will** not go to the beach.

## Type 2: Used to talk about imaginary events in the future or present or to give advice

### Form: If + Past Simple / would/wouldn't + infinitive verb (without "to")

#### Usage: It's possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

> &emsp; The second conditional is like the first conditional. We are still thinking about the future.
We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition.
But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, you do not have a lottery ticket. Is it possible to win ? No! No lottery ticket, no win!
But maybe you will buy a lottery ticket in the future. So you can think about winning in the future, like a dream. It's not very real, but it's still possible. 

**Examples:**

[ --- **If** + ***Past Simple*** ---- **would** / **wouldn't** + **verb** --- ]
- **If** I *had* much money, I **would** buy a car.
- **If** I *were/was* you, I **wouldn't** buy a car.
- I **would** send her an invitation **if** *I found* her address.
- **If** I *found* her address, I **would** send her an invitation.
- **If** I *had* a lot of money, I **wouldn't** stay here.


## Type 3: Used to talk about imaginary events in the past

### Form: If + Past Perfect / would have + Past Participle

#### Usage: It's impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past!

**Examples:**

- **If** I had found her address, I would have sent her invitation.
- **If** I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.
- **If** I had been more careful, I wouldn't have made such a big mistake.

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# MIXED

## Type 1: The condition refers to the past, the main clause to the present.

#### Form: If + Past Perfect / would + Infinitive

**Examples:**

- **If** I had won the lottery, I **would** be rich.

## Type 2: The condition refers to the past, the main clause to the future.

### Form: If + Past Perfect / would + Infinitive

**Examples:**

- **If** she had signed up the ski trip last week, She **would** be joining us tomorrow.

## Type 3: The condition refers to the present, the main clause to the past.
### Form: If + Past Simple / would + have + Past Participle

**Examples:**

- **If** I didn't have to work so much, I **would** have gone to the party last night.

## Type 4: The condition refers to the present, the main clause to the future.

### Form: If + Past Simple / would + Infinitive

**Examples:**

- **If** I didn't have so much vacation time, I **wouldn't** go with you on the cruise to Alaska next week.

## Type 5: The condition refers to the future, the main clause to the past.

### Form: If + Past Continuous / would + have + Past Participle

**Examples:**

- **If** Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I **would** have suggested that we go that nice Italian restaurant.

## Type 6: The condition refers to the future, the main clause to the present.

### Form: If + Past Continuous / would + Infinitive

**Examples:**

- **If** I were going to that concert tonight, I **would** be very excited.


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# TIME CLAUSES
## Form: If + Present Simple + will/won't + Verb

- **When**
I will call you **when** I get home.
- **As soon as**
I will call you **as soon as** I get home.
- **Before**
I will call you **before** I leave.
- **After**
I will call you **after** I speak to Susan.
- **Until / till**
I will call you **until** Dave arrives.
- **While**
I will call you **while** you do shopping.

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# CONDITIONALS [UNLESS]

## Type 1: CONDITIONAL   [ UNLESS + PRESENT TENSE ]

| With ***IF***                                                            | Equivalent with ***UNLESS***                                           |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| You will be sick **if** you don't stop eating.                           | You'll be sick **unless** you stop eating.                             |
| I won't pay **if** you don't provide the goods immediately.              | I won't pay **unless** you provide the goods immediately.              |
| **If** you don't study diligently, you'll never understand trigonometry. | **Unless** you study diligently, you'll never understand trigonometry. |

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## Type 2: CONDITIONAL   [ UNLESS + PAST TENSE ]

| With ***IF***                                                | Equivalent with ***UNLESS***                                  |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **If** he wasn't very ill, he would be at work.              | **Unless** he was very ill, he would be at work.              | 
| I wouldn't eat that food **if** I wasn't really hungry.      | I wouldn't eat that food **unless** I was really hungry.      |
| She would be here by now **if** she wasn't stuck in traffic. | She would be here by now **unless** she was stuck in traffic. |

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## Type 3: CONDITIONAL   [ UNLESS + PAST PERFECT ]

| With ***IF***                                                                           | Equivalent with ***UNLESS***                                                        |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Our director would not have signed the contract **if** she hadn't had a lawyer present. | Our director wouldn't have signed the contract **unless** she had a lawyer present. |
| I wouldn't phoned him **if** you hadn't suggested it.                                   | I wouldn't phoned him **unless** you'd suggested it.                                |
| They would have shot her **if** she hadn't given them the money.                        | They would have shot her **unless** she'd given them the money.                     |

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#### HOW TO USE 'UNLESS'

> **Unless** means the same as **if...not**.
> Like **if, unless** is followed by: **Present Tense, Past Tense, or Past Perfect Tense**
> ( **never** by a **conditional**).

> **Unless** is used instead of **if...not** in conditional sentences
> of all types. The order of the clauses doesn't matter with sentences using **unless.**

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