CONDITIONALS - HackMD

{%hackmd bywgECMyRta8Q0aMb8U5ZQ %} # CONDITIONALS ## Type 0: Used to talk about general truths or scientific facts ### Form: If / When + Present Simple **Examples:** - **If** you freeze water it turns into ice. - **If** I work too much I get tired. ## Type 1: Used to talk about things that might happen in the future (possible events) ### Form: If + Present Simple + will / won't + infinitive verb (without "to") #### Usage: It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled > &emsp; We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. > There is a real possibility that this condition will happen. > For example, it is morning. You are at home. You plan to play tennis this afternoon. > But there are some clouds in the sky. What will you do? > - **If** *it rains* tomorrow, we **will** stay at home. **Examples:** - **If** *I find* her address, I **will** send her an invitation. - **Unless** *I feel* better, I **won't** go the party. - **If** *it rains* tomorrow, We **will** not go to the beach. ## Type 2: Used to talk about imaginary events in the future or present or to give advice ### Form: If + Past Simple / would/wouldn't + infinitive verb (without "to") #### Usage: It's possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. > &emsp; The second conditional is like the first conditional. We are still thinking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, you do not have a lottery ticket. Is it possible to win ? No! No lottery ticket, no win! But maybe you will buy a lottery ticket in the future. So you can think about winning in the future, like a dream. It's not very real, but it's still possible. **Examples:** [ --- **If** + ***Past Simple*** ---- **would** / **wouldn't** + **verb** --- ] - **If** I *had* much money, I **would** buy a car. - **If** I *were/was* you, I **wouldn't** buy a car. - I **would** send her an invitation **if** *I found* her address. - **If** I *found* her address, I **would** send her an invitation. - **If** I *had* a lot of money, I **wouldn't** stay here. ## Type 3: Used to talk about imaginary events in the past ### Form: If + Past Perfect / would have + Past Participle #### Usage: It's impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past! **Examples:** - **If** I had found her address, I would have sent her invitation. - **If** I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world. - **If** I had been more careful, I wouldn't have made such a big mistake. --- # MIXED ## Type 1: The condition refers to the past, the main clause to the present. #### Form: If + Past Perfect / would + Infinitive **Examples:** - **If** I had won the lottery, I **would** be rich. ## Type 2: The condition refers to the past, the main clause to the future. ### Form: If + Past Perfect / would + Infinitive **Examples:** - **If** she had signed up the ski trip last week, She **would** be joining us tomorrow. ## Type 3: The condition refers to the present, the main clause to the past. ### Form: If + Past Simple / would + have + Past Participle **Examples:** - **If** I didn't have to work so much, I **would** have gone to the party last night. ## Type 4: The condition refers to the present, the main clause to the future. ### Form: If + Past Simple / would + Infinitive **Examples:** - **If** I didn't have so much vacation time, I **wouldn't** go with you on the cruise to Alaska next week. ## Type 5: The condition refers to the future, the main clause to the past. ### Form: If + Past Continuous / would + have + Past Participle **Examples:** - **If** Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I **would** have suggested that we go that nice Italian restaurant. ## Type 6: The condition refers to the future, the main clause to the present. ### Form: If + Past Continuous / would + Infinitive **Examples:** - **If** I were going to that concert tonight, I **would** be very excited. --- # TIME CLAUSES ## Form: If + Present Simple + will/won't + Verb - **When** I will call you **when** I get home. - **As soon as** I will call you **as soon as** I get home. - **Before** I will call you **before** I leave. - **After** I will call you **after** I speak to Susan. - **Until / till** I will call you **until** Dave arrives. - **While** I will call you **while** you do shopping. --- # CONDITIONALS [UNLESS] ## Type 1: CONDITIONAL [ UNLESS + PRESENT TENSE ] | With ***IF*** | Equivalent with ***UNLESS*** | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | You will be sick **if** you don't stop eating. | You'll be sick **unless** you stop eating. | | I won't pay **if** you don't provide the goods immediately. | I won't pay **unless** you provide the goods immediately. | | **If** you don't study diligently, you'll never understand trigonometry. | **Unless** you study diligently, you'll never understand trigonometry. | --- ## Type 2: CONDITIONAL [ UNLESS + PAST TENSE ] | With ***IF*** | Equivalent with ***UNLESS*** | | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------- | | **If** he wasn't very ill, he would be at work. | **Unless** he was very ill, he would be at work. | | I wouldn't eat that food **if** I wasn't really hungry. | I wouldn't eat that food **unless** I was really hungry. | | She would be here by now **if** she wasn't stuck in traffic. | She would be here by now **unless** she was stuck in traffic. | --- ## Type 3: CONDITIONAL [ UNLESS + PAST PERFECT ] | With ***IF*** | Equivalent with ***UNLESS*** | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Our director would not have signed the contract **if** she hadn't had a lawyer present. | Our director wouldn't have signed the contract **unless** she had a lawyer present. | | I wouldn't phoned him **if** you hadn't suggested it. | I wouldn't phoned him **unless** you'd suggested it. | | They would have shot her **if** she hadn't given them the money. | They would have shot her **unless** she'd given them the money. | --- #### HOW TO USE 'UNLESS' > **Unless** means the same as **if...not**. > Like **if, unless** is followed by: **Present Tense, Past Tense, or Past Perfect Tense** > ( **never** by a **conditional**). > **Unless** is used instead of **if...not** in conditional sentences > of all types. The order of the clauses doesn't matter with sentences using **unless.** --- [CLICK HERE FOR TABLE](https://miro.com/app/board/o9J_lLs6TAg=/?moveToWidget=3074457357221431874&cot=14)