---
# System prepended metadata

title: NUMBERS

---

{%hackmd bywgECMyRta8Q0aMb8U5ZQ %}

:::success
# NUMBERS
:::

English number words include numerals and various words derived from them, as well as a large number of words borrowed from other languages.

> [color=#327faa]
> - [Cardinal Numbers](##CARDINAL-NUMBERS)
> - [Ordinal Numbers](##ORDINAL-NUMBERS)
> - [Phonetic Transcription of English Numbers](##PHONETIC)

:::warning
__CARDINAL NUMBERS__
Cardinal numbers refer to the size of a group. In English, these words are numerals.
:::

If a number is in the range 21 to 99, and the second digit is not zero, the number is typically written as two words separated by a hyphen(-)[twenty-one].

> Cardinal numbers from 1 through 1,000,000
> __TABLE OF CARDINAL NUMBERS__
> [color=#327faa]

| N   | word  | N   | word      | N   | word         | N         | word           |
| --- | ----- | --- | --------- | --- | ------------ | --------- | -------------- |
| 1   | one   | 11  | eleven    | 21  | twenty-one   | 31        | thirty-one     |
| 2   | two   | 12  | twelve    | 22  | twenty-two   | 40        | forty          |
| 3   | three | 13  | thirteen  | 23  | twenty-three | 50        | fifty          |
| 4   | four  | 14  | fourteen  | 24  | twenty-four  | 60        | sixty          |
| 5   | five  | 15  | fifteen   | 25  | twenty-five  | 70        | seventy        |
| 6   | six   | 16  | sixteen   | 26  | twenty-six   | 80        | eighty         |
| 7   | seven | 17  | seventeen | 27  | twenty-seven | 90        | ninety         |
| 8   | eight | 18  | eighteen  | 28  | twenty-eight | 100       | a/one hundred  |
| 9   | nine  | 19  | nineteen  | 29  | twenty-nine  | 1,000     | a/one thousand |
| 10  | ten   | 20  | twenty    | 30  | thirty       | 1,000,000 | a/one million  |


:::info
__SEPARATION BETWEEN HUNDREDS(100) AND TENS(10)__
:::

Hundreds and tens are usually separated by 'and' (in American English 'and' is not necessary)

110 - one hundred ___and___ ten
1,250 - one thousand, two hundred ___and___ fifty
2,001 - two thousand ___and___ one

:::info
__HUNDREDS__
:::

Use 100 with __a__ or __one__
100 - __a__ hundred / __one__ hundred

__a__ can only stand at the beginning of a number.

100 - __a__ hundred / __one__ hundred
2,100 - two thousand, __one__ hundred

Use commas(,) as a separator:
506,422,013,223

:::info
__SINGULAR OR PLURAL__
:::

Numbers are usually written in singular.

___two hundred Euros
several thousand light years___

The plural is only used with __dozen, hundred, thousand, million, billion,__ if they are __not__ modified by another number or expression (e.g. a few / several).

__hundreds__ of Euros
__thousands__ of light years

---
:::warning
__ORDINAL NUMBERS__
Ordinal numbers refer to a position in a series. Common ordinals include:
:::


> __TABLE OF ORDINAL NUMBERS__
> [color=#327faa]

| N    | word    | N    | word        | N    | word           | N           | word           |
| ---  | ---     | ---  | ---         | ---  | ---            | ---         | ---            |
| 1st  | first   | 11th | eleventh    | 21st | twenty-first   | 31st        | thirty-first   |
| 2nd  | second  | 12th | twelfth     | 22nd | twenty-second  | 40th        | fortieth       |
| 3rd  | third   | 13th | thirteenth  | 23rd | twenty-third   | 50th        | fiftieth       |
| 4th  | fourth  | 14th | fourteenth  | 24th | twenty-fourth  | 60th        | sixtieth       |
| 5th  | fifth   | 15th | fifteenth   | 25th | twenty-fifth   | 70th        | seventieth     |
| 6th  | sixth   | 16th | sixteenth   | 26th | twenty-sixth   | 80th        | eightieth      |
| 7th  | seventh | 17th | seventeenth | 27th | twenty-seventh | 90th        | ninetieth      |
| 8th  | eighth  | 18th | eighteenth  | 28th | twenty-eighth  | 100th       | one hundredth  |
| 9th  | ninth   | 19th | nineteenth  | 29th | twenty-ninth   | 1,000th     | one thousandth |
| 10th | tenth   | 20th | twentieth   | 30th | thirtieth      | 1,000,000th | one millionth  |

:::info
__FORM__
:::

Spelling of Ordinal Numbers
Just add __th__ to the cardinal number:

There are only __fir'st', seco'nd' and thi'rd'__ differs ( first, second, third ) others with __th__ ending ( four'th', fif'th', six'th' )

__four - fourth
eleven - eleventh__

:::danger
:::spoiler __EXCEPTIONS__

| ---        | ---     | ---  | 
| ---------- | ------- | ---- |
| __one__    | first   | 1st  |
| __two__    | second  | 2nd  |
| __three__  | third   | 3rd  |
| __five__   | fifth   | 5th  |
| __eight__  | eighth  | 8th  |
| __nine__   | ninth   | 9th  |
| __twelve__ | twelfth | 12th |

In compound ordinal numbers, note that only the last figure is written as an ordinal number
: - _421st_ = ___four hundred and twenty-first___
  - _5,111th_ = ___five thousand, one hundred and eleventh___
:::

:::info
__FIGURES__
:::
When expressed as figures, the last two letters of the written word are added to the ordinal number
: Example:
  | ---                   | ---   |
  | --------------------- | ----- |
  | __first__             | 1st   |
  | __second__            | 2nd   |
  | __third__             | 3rd   |
  | __fourth__            | 4th   |
  | __twenty-sixth__      | 26th  |
  | __hundred and first__ | 101st |

:::info
__TITLES__
:::

&emsp;&emsp;In names for kings and queens, ordinal numbers are written in Roman numbers. In spoken English, the definite article is used before the ordinal number:

__Charles II -- Charles the Second
Edward VI -- Edward the Sixth
Henry VIII -- Henry the Eighth__


:::warning
__PHONETIC__
:::

:::info
__PHONE NUMBERS__
:::

Each figure is said separately
: - 24 - two four

The figure 'O' is called oh
: - 105 - one oh five

Pause after groups of 3 or 4 figures (last group)
: - 376 4705 - three seven six, four seven oh five

:::info
If two successive figures are the same, in British English [BE] you would usually use the word double (in American English [AE] you would just say the figure twice)
:::
- __376 4775 -- BE: _three seven six, four double seven five___
- __376 4775 -- AE: _three seven six, four seven seven five___

NOTE:
: - __BE__ - British English
  - __AE__ - American English

:::info
__ZERO__
:::

- __nought__ -- in general (British English [BE])
- __zero__ -- in general (American English [AE])
 	-	in measurements of temperature (British and American English)
 	-	in count-downs (British and American English)
 	-	score in team games, e.g. football (American English)
- __oh__	-	when each figure is said separately (e.g. in phone numbers, account numbers etc.)
- __nil__	-	score in team games, e.g. football (British English)

:::info
__SYMBOLS AND PUNCTUATION MARKS__
:::

| Sym | Name          | Sym | Name           | Sym | Name       | Sym | Name             |
|:---:| ------------- |:---:| -------------- |:---:| ---------- | --- | ---------------- |
|  +  | plus          |  %  | percent        |  &  | and        | ?   | question mark    |
|  -  | minus         | 37° | degree         |  @  | at         | !   | exclamation mark |
|  x  | multiplied by |  √  | square root    | --  | dash       | ()  | parentheses      |
|  /  | divided by    |  .  | full stop(dot) |  *  | asterisk   | ""  | quotation marks  |
|  =  | equals        |  ~  | similar to     |  ,  | comma      | ;   | semicolon        |
|  >  | greater than  |  <  | less than      |  '  | apostrophe | :   | colon            |


---

$$ 2,627,102\ two\ million,\ six\ hundred\ and\ twenty\ seven\ thousand,\ one\ hundred\ and\ two$$

$$ 36.7^\circ \ thirty\ six\ point\ seven\ degrees\ Celsius$$

$$ \frac{5}{5}\ \ five\ fifths$$

$$ \frac{4}{5}\ \ four\ fifths$$

$$ 1\frac{2}{3}\ one\ and\ two\ thirds$$

$$ 20\%\  twenty\ \ percent\ $$

$$ 20m\ x\ 10m\ twenty\ meters\ by\ ten\ meters$$

$$ 4.5\ four\ point\ five,\ \ 10.3\ ten\ point\ three$$

$$ 4^2\ four\ squared,\ \ 5^2\ five\ squared$$

$$ 6^3\ six\ cubed,\ \ 5^3\ five\ cubed$$

$$ 8^4\ eight\ to\ the\ power\ of\ four$$

$$ 6^8\ six\ to\ the\ power\ of\ eight$$

---
# $$3^4 - and - A^n$$

| 3^4      | HOW TO SAY                       |
| -------- |:-------------------------------- |
| Full:    | Three raised to the fourth power |
| OR:      | Three raised the power of four   |
| Short:   | Three to the fourth power        |
| OR:      | Three to the power of four       |
| Shorter: | Three to the four                |
| ---      | ---                              |
| __A^n__  | __HOW TO SAY__                   |
| Full:    | A raised to the n-th power       |
| OR:      | A raised to the power of n       |
| Short:   | A to the n-th power              |
| OR:      | A to the power of n              |
| Shorter: | A to the n                       |


---

#### USEFUL LINKS:

- [Number generator](https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/numbers/generator)

#### SOURCES:

> [ego4u](https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/numbers)
> [wikipedia](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/English_numerals)