---
# System prepended metadata

title: GRAMMAR

---

{%hackmd bywgECMyRta8Q0aMb8U5ZQ %}


# GRAMMAR

### For & Since, How long...

__for__ and __since__ are used to say how long something has been happening

> #### FOR
```

            FOR + (a period of time)           some period of time
[-----------|--------------------------------------------------|--]
[-----------|----------------------------------- TIMELINE------|--]
[-----------|--------------------------------------------------|--]
[-----------| <------------------ 5 years -------------------> |--]

```

:::info
__EXAMPLES ARE RELATED TO THE GRAPH !!!__
Look at the graph when you read the example.
:::

- I've (have) been living in Ireland __for__ 5 years.
- I've (have) been studying __for__ more than 5 hours.
- I haven't (have not) spoken to Pow-san __for__ a few months. LUL
- Adara senpai __hasn't__ streamed __for__ six days.

NOTE
: In negative sentences we can use __in__ instead of __for__

- I haven't (have not) spoken to Pow-san __in__ a few months.
- Adara senpai __hasn't__ streamed __in__ six days.


> #### SINCE
```

            SINCE + (a time in the past)                       now
[-----------|---------------------------------------------------|-]
[-----------|----------------------------------- TIMELINE-------|-]
[-----------|---------------------------------------------------|-]
[--------- 2012 ------------------------------------------------|-]

```
:::info
__EXAMPLES ARE RELATED TO THE GRAPH !!!__
Look at the graph when you read the example.
:::

- I've (have) been living in Russia since 2012.
- I've (have) been studying since ten o'clock.
- I haven't (have not) spoken to Pow-san since last Cristmas.



#### To say how much time has passed __since__ something happened we use:
___it has been___ + period of time + ___since___ (something happened)
___it is___ + period of time + ___since___ (something happened)


- __It's (has) been__ more than a month __since__ I went to the gym. or It's more than a month...
- How long __has it been since__ you last saw James? or "How long is it __since__..."
- __It's been__ ages __since__ we met up for a coffee. or "It'l ages __since__..." 
- __It's been__ six days __since__ Adara senpai last streamed.

---



## Some grammar rules

- Although あだら先輩 was sick, but she went to karaoke. _[wrong]_
- Although あだら先輩 was sick, she went to karaoke. _[correct]_

> If __although__ is used in the subordinate clause, __don't__ use __but__ in the main clause.

- This is the name of the book. _[wrong]_
- This is the title of the book. _[correct]_

> Names of people, places and events.
> Title of books, movies, plays and songs.


- Please tell me when you are ready. _[wrong]_
- Please let me know when you are ready. _[correct]_

> In this and in other situations, __tell me__ is not polite.
> ### [memo: GET MORE EXAMPLES FOR TELL ME]

- He met a young lady at his age. _[wrong]_
- He met a young lady his age. _[correct]_

> When we want to point out __similarity in age__, we don't use __at__.
> She was my age when she finished school.

- I'll (will) tell you all the story. _[wrong]_
- I'll (will) tell you the __whole__ story. _[correct]_

> Don't use __all__ with __the singular__ form of a __countable noun__
> あだら先輩、be careful, in Japanese no __L__ sound and it's similar to English __R__. If you say __whoLe__ as __whoRe__ the whole meaning of the sentence can change LOL "I'll tell you the __whoRe__ story. ｗｗｗｗｗ"

---

ADJECTIVE ORDER
: When we use more than one __adjective__, _OPINION adjectives (lovely, beautiful)_ __go before__ _FACT adjectives (tall, long)._ 
When we have more than one _FACT adjectives_ the order is as follows:

__A big new brown Italian wooden table:__

| -                       | -       |
| ----------------------- | ------- |
| How big / long / wide ? | __A big__   |
| How old ?               | __new__    |
| What color ?            | __brown__   |
| Where from ?            | __Italian__ |
| What's made of ?        | __wooden__  |
| noun                    | __table__   |

==With two color __adjective__ we use __and:__ _black and white_==

---

[memo: comment this out, this is for me, don't touch, baka]
### Have Got To [BE] vs Have to [AE]
[description here]
obligation, necessity:


---


### SHADOW VS SHADE

SHADE
: Motionless bodies: tree, house..

SHADOW
: People, bike

![](https://i.imgur.com/ocC5xuQ.jpg)


