# SSD
### Memory Category


> 1. DRAM 因性價比合理,主記憶體大多是用 DRAM;SRAM 較貴效能也較高,只有處理器等級的「快取」才會用 SRAM。
> 2. NAND Flash 速度中等(比 DRAM 更慢)但因可斷電保存資料且單位價格便宜,所以目前大多手機、電腦都是用 NAND Flash 做成的 SSD (固態硬碟,Solid State Drive)來當儲存資料的空間(各位電腦裡128G/ 256G 就是指它)。
### SSD Architecture


### FTL(Flash Translation Layer)
* Functions
* Address Mapping [中研院 p.45~54]
* Garbage Collection [中研院 p.59~68]
* Wear Leveling [中研院 p.75~109]
* Error Correction
### NAND Flash
* 
* Challenges[中研院 p.30]
* Need to erase before writing (**write-once property**)
* Wear out mechanism that limits service life (**wear leveling**)
* Data errors caused by **write and read disturb**
* Data retention errors
* Management of initial and runtime **bad blocks**