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# System prepended metadata

title: PM1 Proofreading Report (by Gemini 2.5 Pro)

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# Paper 1A

Okay, I have proofread the mock paper with maximum scrutiny, focusing on typos, bugs (logical/technical errors), and inconsistencies between the English and Chinese versions.

Here are the findings:

**I. Typos / Minor Phrasing Issues**

1.  **Q19(3) (English):** "Upon **recieval** at the recipient side..."
    *   **Issue:** Typo.
    *   **Suggestion:** Change "recieval" to "receipt" or "reception". The Chinese version ("當收件者接收到") is correct.

2.  **Q25 (English):** "...discovers that **all of files** on his and other colleagues' laptops are encrypted."
    *   **Issue:** Slightly awkward grammar.
    *   **Suggestion:** Change to "...all **the** files..." or "...all **of his** files...". The Chinese version is grammatically correct.

3.  **Q26 (English):** Options formatting.
    *   **Issue:** Option B uses arrows (→), while options C and D do not. This is inconsistent formatting within the English version.
    *   **Suggestion:** Use arrows consistently for all options (B, C, D) as done in the Chinese version, or omit them from all.

4.  **Q40(3) (English):** "...idol group SellCakes!!!!!".
    *   **Issue:** Excessive punctuation (!!!!!). While potentially intentional/stylistic for a group name, it looks like a possible typo or unprofessional formatting in an exam context.
    *   **Suggestion:** Consider standardizing to "SellCakes" unless the excessive punctuation is definitively part of the name being tested. (The Chinese version retains the !!!!!).

**II. Bugs / Logical Flaws / Technical Issues**

1.  **Q4 (Both Versions):** "(1) 44.1 GHz"
    *   **Issue:** Significant technical error. The common audio sample rate is 44.1 *kHz*, not GHz. This makes statement (1) definitively *not* a common attribute due to the incorrect unit. Statement (3) "60 fps" is also clearly not an audio attribute. Statement (2) "MPEG-3" is a codec, which *can* be in a WAV container, but isn't as common as uncompressed PCM.
    *   **Analysis:** The question asks what are *not* common attributes. (1) (due to GHz) and (3) (due to fps) are clearly incorrect units/concepts for WAV attributes. (2) is less common than PCM but potentially valid.
    *   **Result:** Options are A=(1,2), B=(1,3), C=(2,3), D=(1,2,3). Given (1) and (3) are definitely "not common" due to fundamental errors, **Option B (1) and (3) only** appears to be the most robust answer. The question itself is valid if interpreted this way.

2.  **Q5 (Both Versions):** Typing "Iliac fossa" as "lilac fossa".
    *   **Issue:** The error described ("l" for "I", "i" for "l") is clearly a **Transcription error** (2). It is not Transposition (swapping adjacent letters) (3). Data source error (1) is possible but less likely given the scenario focuses on the typing act. The options provided are combinations: A(1,2), B(1,3), C(2,3), D(1,2,3). None isolate (2).
    *   **Analysis:** Option C includes the unlikely transposition error. Option A combines the definite transcription error with the possible (but less implied) data source error.
    *   **Result:** The question is slightly flawed as the options force a combination where only one error type (Transcription) is strongly indicated. Option A (1 and 2) is perhaps the *most plausible* combination if multiple errors *could* have occurred, but it's not ideal.

3.  **Q10 (Both Versions):** Syntax Errors Analysis.
    *   **Issue:** Requires careful checking of syntax rules.
    *   **Analysis:**
        *   (1) `XLOOKUP(..., 3, FALSE)`: In standard spreadsheet functions like Excel's `XLOOKUP`, the 3rd argument must be the `return_array`, not a column index number like `VLOOKUP` uses. Using `3` here is a **syntax error**.
        *   (2) `=SUM(A4:E4)` in cell `C4`: This is syntactically valid. It would likely trigger a *circular reference warning*, but the syntax itself is correct. **Not a syntax error**.
        *   (3) `SELECT ... HAVING GRADE = 'A'`: In standard SQL, `HAVING` filters groups *after* a `GROUP BY`. Using it like a `WHERE` clause without `GROUP BY` is generally considered a **syntax error**.
    *   **Result:** Statements (1) and (3) represent syntax errors. **Option D (1) and (3) only** is correct. The question appears technically sound.

4.  **Q18(2) (Both Versions):** `2001:db8::85a3::8a2e:0370:7334`
    *   **Issue:** Invalid IPv6 address format. The double colon (`::`) for zero compression can only be used *once* in an address.
    *   **Result:** This is correctly identified as invalid. The question asking for *valid* IPs correctly excludes this one. Option B (1 and 3) is correct. Question is sound.

5.  **Q38 (Both Versions):** Ergonomics/Health Statements.
    *   **Issue:** Assessing the truthfulness of the statements leads to ambiguity with the options.
    *   **Analysis:**
        *   (1) Standing desk helps relieve RSI: Debatable. It helps posture/circulation vs static sitting, but RSI link is less direct. Often considered beneficial generally.
        *   (2) Anti-glare helps relieve CVS: Generally true (reduces eye strain from glare).
        *   (3) Footrest needs adjustable size to be ergonomic: True. Adjustability (height/angle) is key. "Adjustable size" phrasing is slightly imprecise but likely means adjustable dimensions.
    *   **Result:** If (2) and (3) are considered true, there is no "(2) and (3) only" option. If (1), (2), and (3) are considered true, there is no such option. If only (2) is true, Option A works. If only (3) is true, Option B works. If (1) and (2) are true, Option C works. If (1) and (3) are true, Option D works. **This question is likely flawed due to the ambiguity of statement (1) and the lack of a matching option for the most likely true statements (2 and 3).** Revision is recommended. Assuming (1) and (2) were intended as true, C would be the answer.

6.  **Q39 (Both Versions):** Open Source Statements - *Incorrect*.
    *   **Issue:** Identifying the false statement among the options.
    *   **Analysis:** Statement B ("It is less likely for open-source software to release timely software patches, compared to proprietary software") is generally **false**. Many open-source projects are very quick with patches.
    *   **Result:** The question asks for the *incorrect* statement. Statement B is incorrect. Therefore, **Option B** is the correct answer to the question. The question is sound.

**III. Inconsistencies between English and Chinese Versions**

1.  **Q19(3):** As noted under Typos, the English version has "recieval", while the Chinese correctly translates the intended meaning ("received").
2.  **Q25:** As noted under Typos, the English "all of files" is slightly awkward compared to the grammatically sound Chinese version.
3.  **Q26:** As noted under Typos, the English options have inconsistent arrow formatting (only in B), while the Chinese version uses arrows consistently in B, C, and D.

**Summary of Recommendations:**

*   **Correct Typos:** Fix "recieval" (Q19 Eng), potentially rephrase "all of files" (Q25 Eng), standardize arrow formatting (Q26 Eng), and consider standardizing punctuation (Q40 Eng).
*   **Address Bugs/Flaws:**
    *   Q5: Consider rephrasing or changing options to better reflect the likely error type (Transcription).
    *   Q38: This question needs significant revision. Clarify the intended truthfulness of statement (1) regarding RSI and ensure a valid option exists for the correct combination of true statements (likely (2) and (3)).
*   **Resolve Inconsistencies:** Primarily addressed by fixing the English typos/formatting issues mentioned above (Q19, Q25, Q26).

The rest of the questions appear technically sound and consistent between the two versions, assuming the analysis of Q4, Q10, Q18, Q27, Q34, Q39 etc. holds. The algorithms (Q27, Q28, Q30, Q31, Q32, Q33, Q34/35) were traceable and seem correct in their logic and expected outcomes based on the questions asked.

# Paper 1B

Okay, I have proofread Section B (Question-Answer Book) of the ICT Mock Paper with maximum scrutiny, comparing the English and Chinese versions.

**I. Typos / Minor Phrasing Issues**

1.  **Q8 (Variable Table - English):** The description for `result` is slightly confusing: "The corresponding index in `code` that represents the word in `target` i.e., `code[result]` should represent `target`".
    *   **Issue:** `target` is the binary sequence input. `code[result]` *is* that binary sequence. The description should clarify that `result` is the index found.
    *   **Suggestion:** Rephrase to something like: "The index found in the `code` array such that `code[result]` matches the input `target`." or "The index corresponding to the decoded word for the input `target`." (The Chinese version has a similarly slightly ambiguous phrasing).

2.  **Q8(a) Preamble (English ONLY):** "Assume that the binary sequence stored in `target` only contains one "1"."
    *   **Issue:** This assumption contradicts the example codes provided (01, 001, 0001, 00001 all contain one '1', but `code[0]` is just "1", which fits. However, the later ALG2 clearly processes sequences with multiple '1's). More importantly, this assumption is **absent** in the Chinese version's preamble for Q8(a).
    *   **Suggestion:** This sentence should likely be **removed** from the English version as it seems incorrect, potentially a leftover from a different question draft, and creates an inconsistency. ALG1 should work for any valid code string from the `code` array.

**II. Bugs / Logical Flaws / Technical Issues**

1.  **Q3(b) (Both Versions):** The flowchart provided does **not** perform the same function as the pseudocode algorithm given in the question preamble.
    *   **Issue:** The pseudocode calculates indices `B[2*i+3]` and `B[2*i+4]` using floor and ceiling of averages of existing B elements (likely part of a search or partitioning logic). The flowchart, however, contains logic involving `j <- B[i]`, `k <- B[i+2]`, decision blocks `j-k > 1?` / `k-j > 1?`, and `swap the contents of j and k`. This swap logic is completely different from the calculation logic in the pseudocode.
    *   **Result:** It is impossible to correctly fill in the blanks in the flowchart to make it perform the *same function* as the provided pseudocode. This is a significant **bug** in the question design, present in both language versions.
    *   **Suggestion:** The flowchart structure needs to be completely redesigned to match the calculation steps of the pseudocode, or the question prompt needs to be changed (e.g., ask to describe the flowchart's *actual* function, which seems unrelated).

**III. Inconsistencies between English and Chinese Versions**

1.  **Q8(a) Preamble:** As mentioned in Typos (Point 2), the erroneous assumption "Assume that the binary sequence stored in `target` only contains one '1'" appears **only in the English version**, not the Chinese one. This is a notable inconsistency.

**IV. General Observations (Checks)**

*   **Q1, Q2, Q4:** Questions are clear and test relevant concepts (File access methods, CAPTCHA, Hardware/Software performance, Cloud vs Local storage).
*   **Q3(a):** The tracing of the pseudocode with the given array A yields B[7]=8 and output=4.5. This seems mathematically correct based on the algorithm.
*   **Q5:** The right-shift algorithm logic and the tracing for parts (a), (b)(i), (b)(ii), (c)(i), and (c)(ii) appear correct.
*   **Q6:** The spreadsheet formulas for SUMIF (Q6a) and Average (Q6b - assuming Total/7 days), Pivot Table setup (Q6c), validation rules (Q6d), database/spreadsheet advantages (Q6e), Primary Key analysis (Q6f), and SQL query tracing (Q6g) seem correct and appropriate.
*   **Q7:** Network diagram interpretation (Router X, Switch Y), benefits/drawbacks of wireless, 5GHz, proxy servers, security measures, and HTTP/DNS examples all seem appropriate.
*   **Q8:** Apart from the preamble issue and description nuance, the logic for ALG1 (linear search) and ALG2 (sequential decoding based on zero count) seems sound, and the code completion tasks (Q8a, Q8diii) are consistent with this logic. Test data rationale (Q8b) and efficiency enhancement (Q8c) are standard concepts.
*   **Page 15 Reference:** The provided lists of SQL commands and Spreadsheet functions seem adequate for the paper's scope.

**Summary of Recommendations:**

1.  **MUST FIX (Bug):** Revise **Q3(b)** completely. The flowchart structure is fundamentally incorrect for the task it's supposed to perform (matching the Q3 pseudocode). This requires a new flowchart design or a different question.
2.  **MUST FIX (Inconsistency/Typo):** Remove the sentence "Assume that the binary sequence stored in `target` only contains one '1'" from the **Q8(a) preamble (English version)**.
3.  **Consider Revising (Clarity):** Slightly rephrase the description of the `result` variable in the **Q8 variable table (English)** for better clarity. The Chinese version could also benefit from minor clarification.

The rest of the Section B paper appears logically sound and free from major errors, assuming the tracing and interpretations above are correct.

# Paper 2

Okay, I have proofread Paper 2 (English and Chinese versions) with maximum scrutiny. Here are the findings:

**I. Typos / Minor Phrasing Issues**

1.  **Q9(a) & (b) (English):** "State all the user(s) (if any) that can write the files in the folder..."
    *   **Issue:** Slightly redundant phrasing "(if any)".
    *   **Suggestion:** Could be shortened to "State which users, if any, can write..." or simply "State the users who can write...". (Minor stylistic point, Chinese version is concise).

2.  **Q10(b) Line 4 (English & Chinese):** The formula for `temp` is complex: `temp ← (B to the power of (A[i] * (2 to the power of (8-i))))`.
    *   **Issue:** While technically parsable, the nested exponentiation notation is slightly cumbersome. The Chinese version `temp ← (B 的 (A[i] * (2 的 (8-i) 次方)) 次方)` is slightly clearer due to the explicit use of "的...次方" (power of).
    *   **Suggestion:** No change needed unless clarity is a major concern, but it's worth noting the complexity. It correctly represents `B ^ (A[i] * 2^(8-i))`.

3.  **Q12 Title (English):** "Beezer creates the following algorithm..."
    *   **Issue:** Potential typo in the name "Beezer". Could be intentional, but uncommon. (Chinese uses 比炸 "Bi zha", phonetic).
    *   **Suggestion:** Verify if "Beezer" is the intended name.

4.  **Q13(a) (English):** "...validates a stack S is sorted (from top to bottom) in ascending order."
    *   **Issue:** Stack sorting definitions can be ambiguous. "Ascending order (top to bottom)" usually means the smallest element is at the top.
    *   **Suggestion:** The definition seems consistent with the logic check `if A > B then output "Error!"` (where A is popped/top, B is below A). No change needed, but requires careful reading.

**II. Bugs / Logical Flaws / Technical Issues**

1.  **Q10(b) Line 6 (English & Chinese):** `result ← result * temp`.
    *   **Issue:** In the context of calculating `(B^N) mod M` (which Q10(b)(ii) likely describes), this line should perform the multiplication *modulo M* to keep the intermediate results manageable and get the correct final modular result.
    *   **Suggestion:** Line 6 should ideally be `result ← (result * temp) mod M`. Without this, the intermediate `result` could become enormous, and the final result would be wrong if only implicitly assuming a final modulo operation on the output. This could be considered a **bug or omission** in the pseudocode's correctness for modular exponentiation.

2.  **Q13(a) (English & Chinese):** The pseudocode structure for `validate(S)` is prone to errors or ambiguity.
    *   **Issue:** The loop structure `while NOT (a1) AND NOT FLAG do` followed by `A ← (a2)` and `B ← (a3)` makes it difficult to handle stack boundary conditions (empty stack, one-element stack) safely, especially if `pop` is used. If (a2) is `pop(S)`, then (a3) `top(S)` might fail if the stack becomes empty. If (a2) is `top(S)` and then `pop(S)` happens implicitly or later, the logic needs careful coordination. The loop condition (a1) is critical.
    *   **Possible Blanks & Problem:** A common way to check stack sorting is to pop the first element, then loop while the stack isn't empty, peeking at the next (`top`) and comparing, then popping. The provided structure doesn't easily fit this. If we assume (a1)=`isEmpty(S)`, (a2)=`pop(S)`, (a3)=`top(S)`, the code fails if `pop(S)` leaves the stack empty. If we assume (a1)=`size(S) < 2`, (a2)=`pop(S)`, (a3)=`top(S)`, this is safer.
    *   **Suggestion:** This pseudocode structure is **ambiguous and potentially buggy** depending on the intended functions for the blanks and the precise behaviour of `pop` and `top` on edge cases. It should be rewritten for clarity and robustness, or the blanks chosen carefully with explicit assumptions. A likely *intended* (though risky) set might be: (a1) `isEmpty(S)`, (a2) `pop(S)`, (a3) `top(S)`. A safer set: (a1) `size(S) < 2`, (a2) `pop(S)`, (a3) `top(S)`.

**III. Inconsistencies between English and Chinese Versions**

1.  **Instruction (1) (Page 1):**
    *   **English:** "...Attempt ALL questions in any TWO sections."
    *   **Chinese:** "...考生須選答任何兩部中的全部試題。" (Consistent).
    *   **Observation:** This matches the typical Paper 2 structure where students choose 2 out of 3 electives.

2.  **Instruction (3) / Last Page Reference (Page 1 vs Page 14):**
    *   **English P1:** "The last page ... contains SQL commands and symbols used in entity-relationship diagrams..."
    *   **English P14:** Contains SQL commands and ERD symbols. (Consistent with instruction).
    *   **Chinese P1:** "...末頁附有 SQL 指令及電子試算表函數..." (...SQL commands and spreadsheet functions...).
    *   **Chinese P14:** Contains SQL commands and ERD symbols (same as English P14).
    *   **Inconsistency:** The **Chinese Instruction (3) on Page 1 incorrectly states the last page contains spreadsheet functions** instead of ERD symbols. The actual last page (P14) is identical in content (SQL & ERD symbols) for both versions. This instruction needs correction in the Chinese version.

3.  **Q7(d) Variable Names (Implied):**
    *   **English:** The PHP code uses `$sql = "...ROOM = '{ (d2)}' ... DATE('{ (d3) }') ... DATE('{ (d4) }') ..."`. This implies variables like `$room`, `$end`, `$start` are being substituted inside the string.
    *   **Chinese:** The PHP code uses `$sql = "...ROOM = '{ (d2)}' ... DATE('{ (d3) }') ... DATE('{ (d4) }') ..."`. (Consistent structure).
    *   **Observation:** No inconsistency, but relies on the assumption that the form data (`room`, `start`, `end`) is correctly assigned to PHP variables used in (d2), (d3), (d4) (e.g., `$room = $_POST['room'];` etc., which is not shown).

4.  **Q9 User Names:**
    *   **English:** Asami, Tran, Rasis.
    *   **Chinese:** 浅見 (Asami - phonetic/close meaning), 他難 (Tanan - phonetic, sounds like Tran), 蕾西絲 (Leixisi - phonetic, Rasis).
    *   **Observation:** Names are reasonably translated/approximated phonetically. Consistent.

**Summary of Recommendations:**

1.  **MUST FIX (Inconsistency):** Correct **Instruction (3) on Page 1 of the Chinese version**. It should state that the last page contains ERD symbols (實體關係圖所採用的符號) instead of spreadsheet functions (電子試算表函數).
2.  **MUST FIX (Bug/Omission):** Modify **Q10(b) Line 6** in both versions to include the modulo operation: `result ← (result * temp) mod M` for correctness in modular exponentiation.
3.  **Highly Recommend Revising (Bug/Ambiguity):** Rewrite the pseudocode structure in **Q13(a)** (`validate(S)`) in both versions to be less ambiguous and handle stack boundary conditions (empty, single element) clearly and correctly. Provide explicit logic for accessing elements to be compared.
4.  **Minor:** Consider verifying the name "Beezer" in Q12 (English). Consider minor phrasing adjustments in Q9(a)(b) (English).

The rest of the paper appears logically sound and consistent between the two language versions, with appropriate difficulty and coverage for the respective sections.