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# System prepended metadata

title: GRE Volcabulary (Mason 2000)
tags: [Volcabulary, 單字]

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# GRE Volcabulary (Mason 2000)
###### tags: `Volcabulary` `單字`

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<span class="green_title">acid-、ace- 、acu- : 尖的、酸的</span>
acerbic = acrimonious 尖酸刻薄的 
:::info
antonym: comity (international comity 國際禮讓)
:::
acrimony 尖酸刻薄 (n.) 
exacerbate 惡化 (v.)
acuity  （聽力、視力、思維等的）靈敏度；敏銳 (n.)   
<span class="blue_sentence">mental acuity</span>
acumen 敏銳、精明 (n.)  
<span class="blue_sentence">business acumen</span>
acute 靈敏的 (adj.)

<span class="green_title">act- : 行動</span>
activate 啟動，開動；啟動
reactionary 保守的 (adj.)
exactitude 正確性 (n.)
exacting 嚴格的 (adj.)

<span class="green_title">ag-、ig- : 做、動</span>
agile 敏捷的
agitate （尤指公開）煽動，鼓動，大聲疾呼 (v.)   使焦慮
exigent (adj.) 緊急的、要求多的 =  critical, acute   
<span class="blue_sentence">exigent circumstances</span>
<span class="blue_sentence">exigent problem</span>
:::info
(記法：exit (出口) + ig (做，動)->向出口衝->緊急的)
:::
prodigal 非常浪費的、揮霍的 (adj.)
:::info
synonym: extravagant, profligate, spendthrift, squandering
antonym: economical, frugal, thrifty
(記法：pro(向前)+dig(挖)+al(=all所有)->挖出所有的存款->揮霍的)
:::

<span class="green_title">agon-: 掙扎，打鬥</span>
agony 極大的痛苦
antagonistic 敵對的(adj.)  /an-ˌta-gə-ˈni-stik/
<span class="blue_sentence">They found it impossible to deal with such *antagonistic* groups.</span>
protagonist （故事或戲劇中的）主要人物，主角；（某一想法或政治制度的）主要支持者，主要擁護者 (n.) 
:::info
(記法：主角都很痛苦)
:::

<span class="green_title">agr-、egr- : 田地，農業</span>
agriculture
agrarian
peregrinate 遊歷，徒步旅行(n.) /ˈper-ə-grə-ˌnāt/
:::info
記法：per(完全)+egr(=agr田地)->遊歷，旅行
:::

  
<span class="green_title">al: 成長 (記法：co, col, com, con共同+al成長)</span>
coalesce  聯合，合併 (v.)
<span class="blue_sentence">a group of young reformers who gradually *coalesced* into a political movement</span>
coalition   同盟，聯合 (n.) 
analgesic 止痛劑、止痛的 (n./adj.)
alienation 疏遠，離間 (n.)
inalienable 不可剝奪的 (adj.)
<span class="blue_sentence">*inalienable* rights</span>

  

<span class="green_title">alt- : 高</span>
altitude
exalt 讚揚、稱頌 (v.)  == extol, laud
lambaste(嚴厲指責), pan(嚴厲批評), deprecate(輕視，抗議), excoriate(批評), disparage(藐視，貶損), vilify(毀謗);
altruism 利他主義

<span class="green_title">am- : 愛</span>
amiable   和藹的、親切的 (adj.) == friendly, sociable
<span class="blue_sentence">*amiable* neighbors</span>

amity       親善，國與國之間的友好關係 (n.) /ˈa-mə-tē/
<span class="blue_sentence">an era of international amity</span>
enmity       敵意，不合 (n.) /ˈen-mə-tē/ == antagonism
inimical     有敵意的，不合的 (adj.) == antagonist
enamored 迷戀的 (adj.)

<span class="green_title">ampl- : 大</span>
ample 充足的，豐富的
amplify 放大，詳述 (v.)

<span class="green_title">ances- : 原始的</span>
ancestor
ancestry  家系 (n.)

<span class="green_title">anim- : 生命，精神</span>
animal
animadvert  (v.) 批評，非難   /ˌa-nə-ˌmad-ˈvərt/
:::info
記法：anim(心智)+ad(在)+vert(轉)->壞事使得大家都注意->批評
:::
animosity (n.) 憎恨，仇恨 
:::info
記法：animo(=animal動物)+sity(=city城市)->動物恨城市
:::
animus  (n.) 敵意，憎恨
pusillanimous   (adj.) 膽小的  /ˌpyü-sə-ˈla-nə-məs/
:::info
記法：音讀pussy(小貓)->膽小的
synonym: cowardly, timid;
:::
unanimous  全體一致的(adj.)  
:::info
記法：uni(一個)+anim(生命)
:::

<span class="green_title">ann-、enn- : 年</span>
annual
perennial 終年的、永久的 (adj.) (記法：per(完全) + enn(年))    /pə-ˈre-nē-əl/
 
<span class="green_title">anthrop- : 人</span>
anthropology
misanthrope 憤世嫉俗者 (記法：mis(恨)+anthrop(人))
philanthropic 博愛的、慈善的、仁慈的  
:::info
記法：phil(愛) + anthrop(人)
:::

<span class="green_title">ante-、anti- : 先前</span>
antique 古代的、骨董的
antiquated 過時的、老舊的 == obsolete, archaic, outmoded

<span class="green_title">apt-、ept-、eft- : 能力</span>
adept 熟練的、內行的
adaptive 適應的
apt 適合的，易於....的，有....傾向的(adj.)  ==  suitable, appropriate;
deft 靈巧的 == skillful and quick
inept 無能的、不恰當的

<span class="green_title">aqua- 、aque-: 水</span>
aquarium
aqueous 水的

<span class="green_title">arbit- : 判斷、裁決</span>
arbitrary 專橫的，不理智的、任意的；隨機的；隨心所欲的
<span class="blue_sentence">an *arbitrary* government</span>

<span class="green_title">arch-、archy- : 統治</span>
hierarchy  階級、等級制度
patriarchal 家長的、父權制的 /pā-trē-ˈär-kəl/
:::info 
記法：patri(父親)+arch(統治))   
:::

<span class="green_title">art 技巧，藝術</span>
artifice 奸計、詭計(n.) 
:::info 
記法：arti(技巧)+fic(做)+e)
synonym: clever trickery; deception
:::
  
<span class="green_title">articu-、articul- : 清楚地說</span>
article
articulate 清楚表達、口齒伶俐的 (adj.) (v.)

<span class="green_title">asper- : 粗魯</span>
asperity 嚴酷、粗魯 (n.)
<span class="blue_sentence">He asked with some *asperity* just what they were implying.</span>
exasperate 激怒、使惱怒 (v.)  == aggravate, annoy 

<span class="green_title">aster、astr : 星星</span>
astronomy
asteriod
astronomical 天文學的，龐大的

<span class="green_title">auc-、aug-、aut-、aux- : 增加</span>
auction
augment 增加 (v.)
<span class="blue_sentence">The impact of the report was augmented by its timing.</span>
august 莊嚴的 (adj.)
authentic 
authoritative 威權的，官方的，專斷的 (adj.)  /ə-ˈthȯr-ə-ˌtā-tiv/
<span class="blue_sentence">The book is an *authoritative* guide to the city's restaurants.</span>
auxiliary 輔助的 (adj.)

<span class="green_title">aud- : 大膽</span>
audacious  大膽的，無謂的，愚勇的 == daredevil

<span class="green_title">avi-、avis- : 鳥</span>
aviation
avid 熱情的，熱心的 == eager, greedy;  /ˈa-vəd/

<span class="green_title">ban 禁止</span>
banish

<span class="green_title">base : 基礎</span>
abase 降低自己，使卑下
<span class="blue_sentence">abase oneself</span>
:::info
formal : to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem 
:::
base  (n.) 基礎 (a.) 卑賤的 <-> baseless 無事實根據的
debase 貶低，貶損 (v.) == abase
<span class="blue_sentence">*debased* himself by lying to his supporters</span>

<span class="green_title">bat : 打</span>
combat
lambaste 痛罵、痛打 (v.) == thrash    /læmˈbæst/
  
<span class="green_title">bate : 減少、減弱</span>
abate 減輕、減少(v.)   abatement (n.)
<span class="blue_sentence">waiting for the storm to *abate*</span>
  
<span class="green_title">ben-、bene- : 好處</span>
benefit
benefactor 行善者，捐助者(n.)   (記法：bene(好)+fact(做)
beneficent 慈善的，仁愛的，有益的 (adj.) 
:::info
記法：bene(好)+fic(做)
synonym: generous, charitable, benevolent;     /bə-ˈne-fə-sənt/
:::
benevolent 善心的，仁心的;
benign 良性的，無害的 (adj.) == kindly, gentle;     /bi-ˈnīn/
<span class="blue_sentence">a *benign* lung tumor</span>
<span class="blue_sentence">a *benign* teacher</span>

<span class="green_title">bell : 戰鬥</span>
rebellious 
bellicose 好戰的、好鬥的 (adj.)
:::info
synonym: warlike, aggressive, truculent, pugnacious; /ˈbe-li-ˌkōs/
:::
belligerent 發動戰爭的、好鬥的、好挑釁的  (n.) belligerence  == bellicose   /bə-ˈlij-rən(t)s/

<span class="green_title">directly from Latin</span>
hyperbole 誇張(法) (n.)  /hī-ˈpər-bə-(ˌ)lē/  
:::info 
antonym: litotes  /ˈlī-tə-ˌtēz/ 反敘法，曲言法（用否定對立的詞語表示肯定的一種修辭格）
:::

<span class="green_title">bell : 美麗</span>
belle 美女(n.)  /ˈbel/
<span class="blue_sentence">the *belle* of the ball</span>
embellish 美化、裝飾 (v.) 
<span class="blue_sentence">a book *embellished* with illustrations</span>

<span class="green_title">bib : 喝</span>
bibber 酒鬼，貪酒的人  /ˈbi-bər/
imbibe 飲、喝、接收資訊，獲取資訊  (v.)
<span class="blue_sentence">a sponge *imbibes* moisture</span>
<span class="blue_sentence">*imbibe* moral principles</span>
 
<span class="green_title">bid: 命令</span>
forbid
forbidding 冷峻的；令人生畏的；令人討厭的；險惡的 (adj.) 
<span class="blue_sentence">a harsh and *forbidding* landscape</span> 
<span class="blue_sentence">a dark, *forbidding* house, that is reputed to be haunted</span>
  
<span class="green_title">blanc : 白色</span>
blank
blemish  玷污，缺點(n.) 
<span class="blue_sentence">A series of burn marks *blemish* the table's surface.</span>
<span class="blue_sentence">The incident *blemished* his reputation.</span>
:::info
記法：blemish音讀\[斃了米\]->斃了你->衣服被弄到污點很生氣->瑕疵，污點
:::
 
<span class="green_title">blis : 祝福、恩典</span>
bless 
blithe 無憂無慮的 (adj.)    /blaɪð/
<span class="blue_sentence">He showed *blithe* disregard for the rights of others.</span>
<span class="blue_sentence">a blithe spirit</span>
  
<span class="green_title">bomb : 炸彈</span>
bombastic 誇誇其談的、誇大的 (adj.) == rhetorical
<span class="blue_sentence">a *bombastic* speech intended to impress the voters in her congressional district</span>
pompous 妄自尊大的，自以為是的 (adj.) == arrogant     /ˈpɑːm.pəs/

<span class="green_title">bon : 好</span>
bon voyage 一路順風 (n.)   /ˌbon vɔɪˈɑːʒ/
boon 好處，利益，恩惠 (n.)   友好的、歡樂的 (adj.) 
<span class="blue_sentence">The rain was a *boon* for parched crops.</span>
:::info
synonym: advantage, aid, asset, benefit, help
:::
bounteous 慷慨的、豐富的 == generous    /ˈbau̇n-tē-əs/
<span class="blue_sentence">Together we give thanks for this *bounteous* harvest.</span>

<span class="green_title">brev : 短</span>
abbreviate
brevity 簡短、簡潔 (n.) 
<span class="blue_sentence">The comments have been edited for clarity and *brevity*.</span>
debrief 聽取匯報、向...詢問情況 (v.)
  
<span class="green_title">cad-、cas-、cid- : 落下</span>
accidental 偶然發生的 (adj.)
casualty 傷亡人員
coincide 
decadence 衰落，頹廢 (n.) (記法：落到下面)
<span class="blue_sentence">the *decadence* of modern society</span>
  
<span class="green_title">cal- 、chal- : 熱</span>
calorie 
nonchalant 無憂無慮的，莫不關心的 (adj.)  \ ˌnän-shə-ˈlänt\
:::info
Is *chalant* the opposite of *nonchalant*?
Nonchalant comes from an Old French word nonchaloir, meaning "to disregard." That word comes from non-, meaning "not," + chaloir, meaning "to concern." If you want a word that means the opposite of nonchalant, both concerned and interested can do the job.
:::

<span class="green_title">calc- : 石灰、石頭</span>
calcium 
calculate 
callous   無情的，硬結的 (adj.)    /ˈkæl.əs/
<span class="blue_sentence">*callous* hands</span>
:::info
synonym: cruelly(殘酷地), insensitive or unsympathetic; 無情的，硬結的 == heartless
:::
callus （尤指手或腳上的）老繭，胼胝 (n.)  /ˈkæl.əs/
recalcitrant 頑固的，難以控制的 (adj.)   /rɪˈkæl.sɪ.trənt/
:::info
synonym: unruly, intransigent, refractory;
antonym: docile /ˈdɑː.səl/, tractable; 
記法：像石頭一樣堅硬的
<span class="blue_sentence">I am puzzled as to why the Ministry of Labor does not take more stringent(迫切的) action against *recalcitrant* employers</span>
:::

<span class="green_title">cand-、cend- : 白色、發光</span>
candle
candid 率直的 (adj.)
incendiary  (adj.) 放火的，縱火的、煽動性的    (n.) 燃燒彈，縱火犯  /ɪnˈsen.di.er.i/
<span class="blue_sentence">*incendiary* speeches</span>
incense  （尤指在宗教儀式上焚燒的）香 (n.)、激怒，使大怒 (v.)  
:::info
記法：in(使)+cense(發光)->激怒
:::
  
<span class="green_title">cant-、cent-、chant- : 唱、歌唱</span>
chant (v.) (n.) 
<span class="blue_sentence">protesters were *chanting* outside</span>
accentuate 強調，以重音讀出，加重音符號於 (v.)
<span class="blue_sentence">trying to *accentuate* the positive aspects of the program</span>
<span class="blue_sentence">*accentuates* the feeling of despair</span>
:::info
記法：ac(加強)+cent(唱，說)) == emphasize
:::
chantey  （舊時水手在船上唱的）勞動曲調 (n.)（同shanty  /ˈʃæn.ti/)
incentive 刺激，鼓勵 (n.)  
:::info
記法：in(使)+cent(唱)->使人唱) == stimulus
:::
recant   改變，放棄(信仰或聲明) == renounce; withdraw  (n.) recantation           /rɪˈkænt/
<span class="blue_sentence">Witnesses threatened to *recant* their testimony when the court released their names to the paper.</span>

<span class="green_title">cap- : 頭</span>
capital 
capitulate 投降、被迫接受；被迫同意；讓步 (v.)    /kəˈpɪtʃ.ə.leɪt/
<span class="blue_sentence">The enemy was forced to *capitulate* unconditionally.</span>
:::info
記法: 低頭
:::
recapitulate   扼要重述，概括(v.)
:::info
記法：重新把重要的東西(頭)敘述
:::

<span class="green_title">cap-：拿、抓住</span>
capture 捕獲、俘虜
capacious 容量大的，寬敞的 (記法：能抓住東西的->容量大的, capacity容量) == roomy;
captious (adj.) 吹毛求疵的 == carping, quibbling, censorious;
:::info
記法：cap(抓住)+tious(多....的)->抓出別人很多的缺點->吹毛求疵的
:::
captivate (v.) 迷惑，吸引 (a.) captivating 吸引人的; == fascinate (sb.), charm, enchant;
<span class="blue_sentence">We were *captivated* by her beauty.</span>  
<span class="blue_sentence">The scenery *captivated* our attention.</span>
encapsulation (n.) 概括;    /ɪnˈkæp.sjə.leɪt/
  
<span class="green_title">caus-：燒</span>
holocaust 大屠殺，浩劫 (n.)    /ˈhō-lə-ˌkȯst/
<span class="blue_sentence">a nuclear *holocaust*</span>
caustic  (adj.) 腐蝕性的，刻薄的;   /ˈkȯ-stik/
<span class="blue_sentence">The chemical was so *caustic* that it ate through the pipe.</span>
<span class="blue_sentence">*caustic* humor</span>
  
<span class="green_title">cav：洞</span>
cave 
excavate (v.) 挖掘，挖出 (記法：ex(外)+cav(洞)+ate)
  
<span class="green_title">caval-、chival：騎馬</span>
cavalry 騎兵隊伍，武裝部隊 (n.)
cavalier (n.) 騎士，武士  /ˌka-və-ˈlir/
(adj.) 傲慢的；目空一切的 
<span class="blue_sentence">People were often irritated by his *cavalier* attitude toward them. 人們常常被他目空一切的態度弄得惱火。 </span>
(adj.) 漫不經心的；無憂無慮的 a cavalier reply 隨口作的回答
chivalrous (a.) 武士精神的，對女人彬彬有禮的
  
<span class="green_title">cede-、ceed-、cess：走</span>
concede (v.) 承認，讓步 == (n.) concession 讓步;
incessant (a.) 不停的，連續的，持續不斷的;   /ɪnˈses.ənt/
<span class="blue_sentence">*incessant* rain/noise/complaints</span>
:::info
synonym: constant, unremitting, continual;   
antonym: sporadic 偶然發生的;
:::
precede (v.) 在...之前，早於 (記法：pre(前)+cede(走))
<span class="blue_sentence">Minutes before 10:30 p.m. in China, the stadium pulsed with the emotions that always *precede* a 100-meter final.</span>
<span class="blue_sentence">It would be helpful if you were to *precede* the report with an introduction.</span>
precedent  (a.) (n.) 在先的，在前的    /ˈpres.ə.dent/
<span class="blue_sentence">A behavior that may be explained by a *preceden* event in her troubled life</span>
unprecedented (a.) 前所未有的
predecessor (n.) 前任，前輩，原先的東西  
successive (adj.) 接連的，連續的     (suc下面 + cess走->接下面繼續走)
