---
# System prepended metadata

title: RE101 Blue Team Challenge

---

# RE101 Blue Team Challenge

:::success
https://cyberdefenders.org/blueteam-ctf-challenges/36#nav-questions
:::


:::info
RE101 challenge is a binary analysis exercise - a task security blue team analysts do to understand how a specific malware works and extract possible intel.

Tools:

IDA
Ghidra
Cutter
HxD
zipdetails
:::



#### 1. File: MALWARE000 - I've used this new encryption I heard about online for my warez; I bet you can't extract the flag!
```
0ops_i_used_1337_b64_encryption
```



利用工具DIE進行MALWARE000初步分析，檢視檔案Strings有什麼資料可以分析，有發一組疑似base64編碼的字串。
```
ZmxhZzwwb3BzX2lfdXNlZF8xMzM3X2I2NF9lbmNyeXB0aW9uPgo=
```
![截圖 2023-12-08 上午10.19.45](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sk-Uple86.jpg)

decode後可以得到以下字串
```
flag<0ops_i_used_1337_b64_encryption>
```

#### 2. File: Just some JS - Check out what I can do!
```
what_a_cheeky_language!1!
```

檢視檔案，發現是由 \[]()!+ 六種字元組成，因此判斷他是使用JSFuck方式進行混淆。

可以利用工具查詢可能的加密/編碼/混淆機制為何：
https://www.dcode.fr/identification-chiffrement


![截圖 2023-12-08 下午3.22.06](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hyp74HxLp.jpg)

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```

利用線上工具進行decode得到flag
https://www.dcode.fr/javascript-unobfuscator

![截圖 2023-12-08 下午3.27.13](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1CIBSgU6.jpg)

JSFuck參考資料：
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/JSFuck




#### 3. File: This is not JS - I'm tired of Javascript. Luckily, I found the grand-daddy of that lame last language!
```
Now_THIS_is_programming
```
檢視檔案，發現是由＋-><.,[]組成，因此判斷是使用BrainFuck進行混淆

可以利用工具查詢可能的加密/編碼/混淆機制為何：
https://www.dcode.fr/identification-chiffrement

```
++++++++++[>+>+++>+++++++>++++++++++<<<<-]>>>>++.++++++.-----------.++++++.<----------.++++++++++++++++++.>++++++++.++++++++.<+++++++++++++++++.-----------.------------.+.++++++++++.++++++++++++.++++++++++.>----.<----------.>---.++.---.<++++++++.>+++.<------.>-----..----.+++++.<++++++.<++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++.
```

![截圖 2023-12-08 下午3.28.36](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkfnHSlUT.jpg)


利用工具進行解碼，可以得到flag
https://www.dcode.fr/langage-brainfuck


![截圖 2023-12-08 下午3.42.21](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HksktBgUp.jpg)


BrainFuck 參考資料：
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/Brainfuck


#### 4. File: Unzip Me - I zipped flag.txt and encrypted it with the password "password", but I think the header got messed up... You can have the flag if you fix the file
```
R3ad_th3_spec
```

無法正常解壓縮，依題目說明，應該是zip header有遺失導致。
![截圖 2023-12-08 下午3.44.31](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1CwtBgI6.jpg)


利用工具HxD檢視該zip檔案

:::warning
50 4B 03 04 0A 00 09 00 00 00 5A AB 8E 50 56 22 
67 95 20 00 00 00 14 00 00 00 58 58 1C 00 66 6C 
61 67 2E 74 78 74 55 54 09 00 03 DC 62 96 5E DC 
62 96 5E 75 78 0B 00 01 04 E8 03 00 00 04 E8 03 
00 00 71 A9 F7 10 B7 9C 45 63 4A ED 2E DC C9 D6 
ED BD E4 B5 99 69 C5 AB 94 FF 64 22 DE FF 70 78 
8C E7 50 4B 07 08 56 22 67 95 20 00 00 00 14 00 
00 00 50 4B 01 02 1E 03 0A 00 09 00 00 00 5A AB 
8E 50 56 22 67 95 20 00 00 00 14 00 00 00 08 00 
18 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 A4 81 00 00 00 00 
66 6C 61 67 2E 74 78 74 55 54 05 00 03 DC 62 96 
5E 75 78 0B 00 01 04 E8 03 00 00 04 E8 03 00 00 
50 4B 05 06 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 00 4E 00 00 00 
72 00 00 00 00 00 0A
:::

Local file headers結構如下
![截圖 2023-12-08 下午4.06.51](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkOs0HeUp.jpg)

逐一檢視
1)signature 為 50 4b 03 04 正常。
2)version 為 0A 00
3)flags 為 09 00
4)compression 為 00 00
5)mod time 為 5A AB 
6)mod date 為 8E 50
7)crc-32 為 56 22 67 95 
8)compressed size 為 20 00 00 00
9)uncompressed size 為 14 00 00 00
10)file name len 為 58 58

發現檔案名稱長度有誤，檔案名稱為flag.txt，應該是08 00才對，修改後重新存檔進行解壓縮，密碼為password，會得到flag.txt

![截圖 2023-12-08 下午4.58.21](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sko39Ig8p.jpg)


ZIP file format參考資料：
https://users.cs.jmu.edu/buchhofp/forensics/formats/pkzip.html


#### 5. File: MALWARE101 - Apparently, my encryption isn't so secure. I've got a new way of hiding my flags!
```
sTaCk_strings_LMAO
```


用IDA檢視，function並不多所以一一檢視，發現main function疑似有利用stack strings的方式將flags不依序塞入
![截圖 2023-12-09 下午8.41.12](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJwdgyG8T.jpg)


![截圖 2023-12-09 下午8.40.19](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJ4reyfLp.jpg)

依序顯示後得到flag為 flag<sTaCk_strings_LMAO>

#### 6. MALWARE201 - Ugh... I guess I'll just roll my own encryption. I'm not too good at math, but it looks good to me!
```

```

執行malware201得到的結果如下圖：
![截圖 2023-12-09 下午11.30.27](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkG7_Wz86.jpg)

知道加密後的flag為：
```
\x6d\x78\x61\x6c\xdd\x7e\x65\x7e\x47\x6a\x4f\xcc\xf7\xca\x73\x68\x55\x42\x53\xdc\xd7\xd4\x6b\xec\xdb\xd2\xe1\x1c\x6d\xde\xd1\xc2
```

用IDA檢視檔案，得知加密的function應該是sub_400620

![截圖 2023-12-09 下午9.39.54](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkiNRyfL6.jpg)

sub_400620如下：
![截圖 2023-12-09 下午11.35.01](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryz4KWz8a.jpg)



用python改寫，得到加密用的python code(利用chatgpt可以快速產生對應python code)

```python!
def c_to_python(a1, a2):
    print(a1)
    v4 = (c_ubyte * a2)()  # Allocate a block of memory for v4

    for i in range(a2):
        v4[i] = ((i % 0xFF) | 0xA0) ^ ((2 * a1[i]) | 1)

    return bytes(v4)

# 使用範例
a1 = b'my message'
a2 = len(a1)

result = c_to_python(a1, a2)
print(result.hex())

```


將加密方法反解後寫另外一支解密用的python code：

```python!
from ctypes import *

def c_to_python(v4, a2):
    v5 = (c_ubyte * a2)()  # Allocate a block of memory for v4
    for ii in range(a2):
        v5[ii] = int((v4[ii] ^ ((ii % 0xFF) | 0xA0)) - 1) //2
    print('v5:')
    print(v5)
    print('v5.bytes:')
    return bytes(v5)



# 使用範例
v4h = '6d78616cdd7e657e476a4fccf7ca7368554253dcd7d46becdbd2e11c6dded1c2'
a2 = 32
v4 = (c_ubyte * a2)() 

print(v4h)
for i in range(a2):
    v4[i] = (int(v4h[i*2] + v4h[i*2+1] , 16))
print(v4)

result = c_to_python(v4, a2)
print(result)

```

執行結果如下，得到flag
```
flag<malwar3-3ncryp710n-15-Sh17>
```
![截圖 2023-12-10 上午11.56.37](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJQbv2MU6.jpg)