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第一次實體機安裝LINUX

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Copyright 2021, 月下麒麟 YMont


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修改BIOS設定

關閉fast boot Disabled

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變更Boot順序(開機順序),Boot Option #1 [USB CD/DVD]
(預設是CD/DVD為#1 , USB CD/DVD為#2)

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關閉sercur boot Disabled

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不需要partition /boot的說明
Generally speaking, unless you're dealing with encryption, or RAID, you don't need a separate /boot partition.

That said, I occasionally find a use for adding a separate /boot partition as a FAT partition. This allows your dual-boot system to make alterations to your GRUB config, so you can create a batch file to shut down windows and alter the default menu choice so that it boots something else next. Most people don't need this, but I've had a few projects which required switching back and forth, and it allows it to be done entirely by script.

確認筆電磁碟是分割是GPT

1. 在快速啟動列點選檔案總管的捷徑圖示,開啟檔案總管。
2. 對著「本機」按滑鼠右鍵,選擇「管理」。
3. 選擇「磁碟管理」。
4. 對著要檢查的磁碟按滑鼠右鍵,點選「內容」。
5. 選擇「磁碟區」。
6. 顯示硬碟的「磁碟分割表樣式」為GPT,如下圖所示,點選「確定」。

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選擇完開機檔案(.iso)後,資料分割配置,選用GPT

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該圖片參考至如下網站文章所截圖,該文章教學相當詳細。
reference: Ubuntu 20.04製作Live USB隨身碟的軟體rufus

利用rufus掛載完的安裝檔格式
Rufus 是個能格式化並製作可開機 USB 快閃磁碟機(USB 隨身碟、Memory Stick 等等)的工具
reference: Rufus download

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進行安裝,首先要從安裝作業系統的第一個步驟就是要選擇「從安裝媒體開機」,教學中會使用 USB 隨身碟安裝 Ubuntu,所以就要選擇「從 USB 隨身碟開機」,才能順利進入安裝的畫面。

每個電腦製造商開機時要進入開機選單的按鍵都不太一樣,以我的筆電MSI為例是在開機前按F11
進入後會看到這個畫面

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referenece:如何透過 USB 安裝 Ubuntu 作業系統?完整教學指南


開始安裝

將已掛載好的USB插上欲安裝新系統Linux的電腦上

插上USB前

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插上USB後

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進行check disk

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將聲音關掉,連上網路

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選擇右側的正式安裝

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選擇鍵盤架構

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更新與其他軟體

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安裝類型,這部很重要,我們要用手動模式

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進入切割磁碟畫面

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首先,找到欲先從windows切割出來未配置的空間200GB
(小技巧就是記住前後的磁碟大小,才不會選錯)
(200GB == 204800 Bytes)

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點擊下方的"+"符號,新增配置空間
先配置"/"的空間(40GB)。配完後,原本的200GB就會變少。

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接著,配置"/home"空間(20GB)

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沒拍到切割swap畫面,用文字補充,其空間為50GB
參數Use as選"swap"
就是磁碟模擬成為記憶體,由於swap並不會使用到目錄樹的掛載,所以用swap就不需要指定掛載點

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切割完/ , /home , swap後,接著選擇機器啟動的硬碟
(選/dev/sda這顆)

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按下install Now
再次跟你確認切割資訊是否正確

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選擇時區

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安裝完畢,需要重啟電腦

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開機後,再次進入選擇作業系統
會發現window下方多一個Ubuntu

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登入後,桌面正常顯示
開啟Terminal(ctrl + alt + T),成功

接著進行一連串的更新
$ sudo apt update
$ apt list --upgradable
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
$ sudo apt autoremove
refernece:How to Update Ubuntu packages on Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa Linux


reference: 這篇不錯 Is it necessary to have a /home and /swap partitions in 20.04
reference: 這篇更好 How To Install Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) On UEFI and Legacy BIOS System
reference: 中文的安裝教學 Win10 and Ubuntu 雙系統安裝筆記
reference: Ubuntu 20.04 雙系統安裝完整教程
reference: (保姆式教學) Win10 + Ubuntu 20.04——雙系統安裝方法 + 配置顯示卡 + root許可權 + flash調配


補充:

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