<style> :root{ --r-main-font-size:30px; } </style> ## INFO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN (F22)<br/>MSIT-3050---Chapter-01 --- # :face_with_raised_eyebrow: ## Waleed Abdul-Kader ### Senior Application Architect ---  Title: Systems Analysis and Design, 12th Edition ISBN-13: 9780357117811 ISBN-10: 0357117816 Author: Scott Tilley Edition: 012 --- ## Chapter 01 ### Introduction to Systems Analysis<br/>and Design --- ### Learning Objectives (1) >## After this chapter, you will be able to: - Describe the impact of information technology on society - Describe the five main components of aninformation system - Explain Internet business strategies and relationships, including B2C and B2B - Explain how to use business profiles and models --- ### Learning Objectives (2) - Understand the seven types of information systems used in business - Describe the types of information the four classes of users need - Distinguish among structured analysis, object - oriented analysis, and agile systems development methods - List the tools that enable the systems analyst to develop, manage, and maintain large scale information systems --- ### Learning Objectives (3) - Explain the seven main functions of the information technology department - Describe the roles and responsibilities of a systems analyst within the enterprise --- ### Information Technology (1) - Combination of hardware and software products and services - Used to manage, access, communicate, and share information - Changing nature of information technology - Change is dramatic and continuous - Advances influence change in business organizations --- ### Information Technology (2) - Systems analysis and design - Step by step process for developing high quality information systems - Information systems: technology, people, and data performing certain business functions - What does a systems analyst do? - Plans, develops, and maintains information - Manages IT projects, conducts meetings, delivers presentations, and writes memos, reports, and documentation --- ### Information Systems (1) - System: set of related components that produces specific results - Mission critical systems: vital to operations - All systems require input data - Data: basic facts that serve as raw material - Information: data transformed into output --- ### Information Systems (2)  ##### FIGURE 1-4 An information system needs these components. --- ### Information Systems (3) - Hardware - Physical layer of information system - Moore’s Law: transistors on an integrated circuit chip double about every 24 months - Software: controls hardware - System software - Manages hardware components - Application software - Support day to day business - Horizontal, vertical, and legacy systems --- ### Information Systems (4) - Data - Stored in tables - Processes - Describe tasks and business functions performed to achieve specific results - People - Stakeholders: individuals interested in an information system --- ### Information Systems (5)  ##### FIGURE 1 6 In a typical payroll system, data is stored in separate tables that are linked to form an overall database. --- ### Internet Business Strategies (1) - Trends - Rapidly increasing globalization - Technology integration for seamless information access - Rapid growth of cloudbased computing and services ---- ### Internet Business Strategies (2) - The Internet Model - Ecommerce (electronic commerce) - User interface enables communication between a data base management software and a web based server - Mobile devices interact with the system using apps --- ### Internet Business Strategies (3) - B2C (business to customer) - In a single convenient session, customers can: - Do research and compare prices and features - Check availability and arrange delivery - Choose payment methods --- ### Internet Business Strategies (4) - B2B (business to business) - Ecommerce was initially carried out using electronic data interchange (EDI) - Most firms use supply chain management(SCM) software - Helps manage inventory levels, costs, and suppliers --- ### Modeling Business Operations (1) - Business profile - Overview of a company’s mission, functions, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction - Business process - Specific set of transactions, events, and results that can be described and documented - Business process model (BPM) - Business process modeling notation (BPMN) --- ### Modeling Business Operations (2)  ##### FIGURE 1-7 A simple business model might consist of an event, three processes, and a result. --- ### Modeling Business Operations (3)  ##### FIGURE 1-8 This sample uses business process modeling notation (BPMN) to represent the same events, processes, and workflow shown in Figure 1-7. --- ### Business Information Systems (1) - Current method - All employees use office productivity systems - Operational users require decision support systems - Systems are defined by functions and features - Enterprise computing - Supports company wide operations and data management requirements - Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems provide cost effective support for users and managers throughout the company --- ### Business Information Systems (2) - Transaction processing (TP) systems - Processes data generated by day to day business operations - Customer order processing, accounts receivable, and warranty claim processing - Business support systems - Provide job related information support to users at all levels of a company - Management Information Systems (MIS) - Radio frequency identification (RFID) --- ### Business Information Systems (3)  ##### FIGURE 1-11 A single sales transaction consists of six separate tasks, which the TP system processes as a group. --- ### Business Information Systems (4) - Knowledge management - Uses a knowledge base and inference rules - Knowledge base: large database that allows users to find information by entering keywords - Inference rules: identify data patterns and relationships --- ### Business Information Systems (5) - User productivity systems - Technology that improves productivity - Groupware: enables data sharing - Digital assistants - Combinations of knowledge management systems and user productivity systems - Systems integration - Combination of transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features --- ### Organizational Information Models(1) - Functions and organizational levels - Defined in a typical organizational model - Top managers - Develop long range strategic plans - Middle managers and knowledge workers - Middle managers provide direction, resources, and performance feedback to supervisors and team leaders - Knowledge workers provide support for the organization’s basic functions --- ### Organizational Information Models(2)  ##### FIGURE 1-16 A typical organizational model identifiesbusiness functions and organizational levels. --- ### Organizational Information Models (3) - Supervisors and team leaders - Oversee operational employees and carry out day to day functions - Operational employees - Rely on TP systems to enter and receive data they need to perform their jobs - Empowered to handle tasks and make decisions that were assigned previously to supervisors --- ### Systems Development (1) - Structured analysis - Used systems development life cycle (SDLC) - plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system - Object oriented analysis - Combines data and processes as objects - Agile methods - Build a series of prototypes and constantly adjusts them to user requirements - Spiral model --- ### Systems Development (2) - Prototyping - Early working version of an information system - Disadvantage: important decisions might be made before business or IT issues are thoroughly understood - Prototypes based on careful fact finding and modeling techniques can be extremely valuable --- ### Systems Development(3) - Tools - Computer Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) tools - Computer aided software engineering - Provide an overall framework - Support design methodologies - Generate program code --- ### The Information Technology Department (1)  ##### FIGURE 1-26 Depending on its size, an IT department might have separate organizational units for these functions, or they might be combined into a smaller number of teams. --- ### The Information Technology Department (2) - Application development - Systems are developed by teams consisting of users, managers, and IT staff members - Systems support and security - Provides vital protection and maintenance services - User support - Provides users with technical information, training, and productivity support - Known as a help desk --- ### The Information Technology Department (3) - Database administration - Involves data design, management, security, backup, and access - Network administration - Includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and security - Web support - Specialists design and construct web pages, monitor traffic, and manage hardware and software --- ### The Information Technology Department (4) - Quality assurance (QA) - QA team reviews and tests all applications and systems changes to verify specifications and software quality standards --- ### The Systems Analyst (1) - Investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s information systems - Constantly interacts with users and managers within and outside the organization --- ### The Systems Analyst (2) - Roles - Acts a translators to managers and programmers - Best line of defense in an IT disaster - Most valuable skill: ability to listen - Seeks feedback from users to ensure that systems do not go off track --- ### The Systems Analyst (3) - Knowledge, skills, and education - Technical knowledge - Communication and business skills - Critical thinking skills - Education: college degree in information systems, science, or business - Some IT experience is required - Certification - Helps IT professionals learn new skills and gain recognition for efforts --- ### The Systems Analyst (4) - Career opportunities - Companies will need systems analysts to apply new information technology - Explosion in e-commerce will fuel IT job growth - Important factors - Job titles - Company organization - Company size - Salary, location and future growth - Corporate culture --- ### Trends in Information Technology - One of the fastest evolving industries - Knowledge of current trends is vital - Key trends - Agile methods - Cloud computing - Data science - Mobile devices - Service orientation - Social media --- ### Chapter Summary (1) - Information technology (IT) - Combination of hardware, software, and services - Used to manage, access, communicate, and share information - Essential information system components - Hardware, software, data, processes, and people - Successful companies offer a mix - Products and services --- ### Chapter Summary (2) - Systems analysts - Use modelling, prototyping, and computer aided systems engineering (CASE) tools - must understand the business, think critically, and communicate effectively - Popular system development approaches - Structured analysis, object oriented analysis, and agile methods --- # End Chapter 01