###### tags: `王` ###### tags: `專題` # parper ## (3) A Robust Automated Cataract Detection Algorithm Using Diagnostic Opinion Based Parameter Thresholding for Telemedicine Application ### Published: 15 September 2016 - Currently, methods available for cataract detection are based on the use of either fundus camera or Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera; both are very expensive. - 現在可以檢測白內障的設備都很昂貴 - A common health monitoring web platform interfaced with suitable imaging modules will help doctors from remote locations to examine the patient and give a final decision.This way, a more reliable diagnosis can be made. - health monitoring web platform(平台)可協助偏鄉醫師做出判斷 - The World Health Report regarding cataracts, updated in 2014, says that 285 million people are estimated to be visually impaired worldwide, out of those 39 million are blind and 246 have low vision.[2] - 2014年更新的《關於白內障的世界衛生報告》聲稱:全世界估計有2.8億視力障礙者，其中3900萬人是盲人，246人視力低下 - [2] Visual Impairment and Blindness. Available online: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/ (accessed on 20 April 2016). - In the current scenario, cases of cataracts leading to blindness are likely to advance due to an ageing population and shortage of required healthcare infrastructure in low and middle-income countries. - [3]Gary, B.; Taylor, H. Cataract Blindness–Challenges for 21st century. Bull. World Health Organ. 2001. Available online: http://www.who.int/bulletin/archives/79(3)249.pdf (accessed on 30 April 2016). - 因為白內障失明的人口增加，在中收入國家地所需的醫療設施不足，會使醫療費用增長 ## (3)-10 Automated Classification of Normal, Cataract and Post Cataract Optical Eye Images using SVM Classifier ### 23-25 October, 2013 --- 可以略過這 - about cataract (我們可以另外引註其他出處、這裡用來參考?) - `cataract is a clouding of the natural lens, which lies behind the iris and the pupil. The lens is contained in a sealed bag or capsule. Fig. 2(b) shows the image of the eye affected with cataract. The main symptom is gradual,painless vision blurring. As old cells die they become trapped within the capsule. Over time, the cells accumulate causing the lens to cloud, making images look blurred.Cataracts generally develop slowly over years. Early symptoms may be loss of contrast, glare, needing more light to see well, and problems distinguishing dark blue from black. Later, progressive, painless blurring of vision occurs.[1,2,3,4].` - [1] Snell RS, Lemp MA, “Clinical Anatomy of the Eye”, Second Edition,Blackwell Science, Inc. (書) - [2] Finlay RD, Payne PAG, “The Eye in General Practice”, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1988. (書) - [3] Vander JF, Gault JA, “Ophthalmology Secrets”, Second Edition,Hanley & Belfus, Inc., USA. 2002. (書) - [4] Remington LA, “Clinical Anatomy of the Visual System”,Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 1998 (書) --- - In 1989 , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) microscopic imaging method is used to detect the early stages of cataract, but this method is limited by the resolution problem[5]. - [5] Proton magnetic resonance imaging of the ocular lens - 早期的檢測方法有所限制 - detect cataract - The color at the inner surface of the cornea is not the same in all the three kinds of images. In cataract images the inner surface of the cornea images is more whitish as compared to that of normal and post-cataract images - In cataract images, the outer surface of the cornea images is bright in color as compared to that of the normal and Post-cataract images. - 白內障和正常眼睛的角膜顏色不同 - Environmental conditions such as the reflection of light influences the quality of the optical images and hence, the efficiency of classification. - 環境條件(如光反射)會影響圖像的質量，因此會影響分類的效率。 - The accuracy of these tools depend on several factors such as the size and quality of the training set, the rigor of the training imparted, and parameters chosen to represent the input - 訓練會因各種不同原因影響準確率 - SVM分類 (我們應該用不到) --- ## APA 作者（年代）。論文名稱（博碩士論文）。取自資料庫名稱或網址。 ### 3 Shashwat Pathak, Basant Kumar(2016)。A Robust Automated Cataract Detection Algorithm Using Diagnostic Opinion Based Parameter Thresholding for Telemedicine Application。https://www.mdpi.com/。 ### 3-10 Jagadish Nayak(2013)。Automated Classification of Normal, Cataract and Post Cataract Optical Eye Images using SVM Classifier。WCECS 2013。 --- 2014年更新的《關於白內障的世界衛生報告》聲稱:全世界估計有2.8億視力障礙者，其中3900萬人是盲人，246人視力低下 World Health organization於2021年更新的《Blindness and vision impairment》聲稱: 全世界至少有22億人為視力障礙者，其中超過10億(或幾乎一半)的視力可以預防或尚未得到解決，其中因白內障失明的人數為9400萬人。