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Multi-Chain Evaluation Framework

Criteria

Decentralization

  • Consensum mechanism
  • Number of active validators (past 14 days)
  • Validator share distribution (past 14 days, gini coefficient)
  • Token supply distribution (top 100 holders on Ethereum or on the chain itself, gini coefficient)

Network statistics

  • Uptime - TODO: Need accurate sources
  • Block time
  • Number of unique addresses
  • Daily transactions (30-day harmonic mean)
  • Gas price (30-day harmonic mean, gwei)
  • Age (since genesis)

Infrastructure

  • VM
  • Node services
  • Reliable data oracles
  • Number of existing protocols
  • Block explorer

Capital

  • Chain TVL
  • DEX liquidity (top 3)
  • Token price (USD, 30-day moving average at close)
  • Transaction efficiency magnitude (= daily_transactions / (gas_price * token_price))
  • On/off-ramps and bridges

Evaluations

Ethereum - Baseline

Updated: March 01, 2022

Decentralization

  • Consensum mechanism: PoW
  • Number of active validators: 67 [1]
  • Validator share distribution: 0.830 [1]
  • Token supply distribution: 0.600 [1]

Network statistics

  • Uptime: Highest
  • Block time: 13 seconds [1]
  • Number of unique addresses: 189M [1]
  • Daily transactions: 1,168,206 [1]
  • Gas price: 86 Gwei [1]
  • Age: 6 years and 7 months

Infrastructure

Capital

  • Chain TVL: $117.1B [1]
  • DEX liquidity: $25,466M
  • Token price: $2868.22 [1]
  • Transaction efficiency magnitude: 5
  • On/off-ramps and bridges: N/A

Rollups


Arbitrum

Updated: March 04, 2022

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Warning: Currently in mainnet beta which includes administrative controls.

Decentralization
Network statistics
  • Uptime: High
  • Block time: 1.3 seconds [1]
  • Number of unique addresses: 416K [1]
  • Daily transactions: 63,299 [1]
  • Gas price: 0.8 Gwei [1]
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    Missing historical data
  • Age: 9 months [1]
Infrastructure
  • VM: AVM
  • Node services:
    • Infura
    • Alchemy
  • Reliable data oracles:
    • Chainlink
  • Number of existing protocols: 64 [1]
  • Block explorer: Arbiscan
Capital
  • Chain TVL: 2.25B [1]
  • DEX liquidity: $942.27M
    • SushiSwap: $622.77M [1]
    • Curve: $241.39M [1]
    • Balancer: $78.11M [1]
  • Token price: $2868.22 [1]
  • Transaction efficiency magnitude: 28
  • On/off-ramps and bridges:
    • Arbitrum Bridge
      • Delay: ~10 minutes to deposit and ~7 days to withdraw
      • Supported tokens: many
    • Hop Exchange
      • Delay: ~10 minutes
      • Supported tokens: ETH, USDC, DAI, USDT

Optimism

Updated: March 04, 2022

Decentralization
Network statistics
  • Uptime: High
  • Block time: instant
  • Number of unique addresses: 296K [1]
  • Daily transactions: 31,786 [1]
  • Gas price: 0.001 Gwei L2 gas + unspecified L1 gas
  • Age: 3 months
Infrastructure
  • VM: OVM
  • Node services:
    • Infura
    • Alchemy
  • Reliable data oracles:
    • Chainlink
  • Number of existing protocols: 25 [1]
  • Block explorer: Etherscan Optimism
Capital
  • Chain TVL: 335.51M [1]
  • DEX liquidity:
    • Uniswap: $44.8M [1]
  • Token price: $2868.22 [1]
  • Transaction efficiency magnitude: undefined
  • On/off-ramps and bridges:
    • Optimism Gateway
      • Delay: ~10 minutes to deposit and ~14 days to withdraw
      • Supported tokens: 37 tokens
    • Hop Exchange
      • Delay: ~10 minutes
      • Supported tokens: ETH, USDC, DAI, USDT

Alt-L1s


Polygon

Updated: March 01, 2022

Decentralization
  • Consensum mechanism: dPoS
  • Number of active validators: 79 [1]
  • Validator share distribution: 0.798 [1]
  • Token supply distribution: 0.834 [1]
  • Age: 1 year and 9 months
Network statistics
  • Uptime: Highest
  • Block time: 2 seconds [1]
  • Number of unique addresses: 138M [1]
  • Daily transactions: 3,077,908 [1]
  • Gas price: 80 Gwei [1]
Infrastructure
Capital
  • Chain TVL: $4.2B [1]
  • DEX liquidity: $1,526M
  • Token price: $1.66 [1]
  • Transaction efficiency magnitude: 23,177
  • On/off-ramps and bridges:
    • Exchanges:
    • Bridges:
      • Polygon Bridge
        • Delay: ~4 hours
        • Supported tokens: many
      • Hop Exchange
        • Delay: ~10 minutes
        • Supported tokens: ETH, MATIC, USDC, DAI, USDT

Avalanche (C-Chain)

Updated: March 04, 2022

Decentralization
  • Consensum mechanism: Snowball Algorithm [1]
  • Number of active validators: 1241 [1]
  • Validator share distribution: unknown
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    Missing data
  • Token supply distribution: 0.167 [1]
Network statistics
  • Uptime: Highest
  • Block time: 2 seconds [1]
  • Number of unique addresses: 2M [1]
  • Daily transactions: 971,282 [1]
  • Gas price: 59 Gwei [1]
  • Age: 1 year and 5 months [1]
Infrastructure
Capital
  • Chain TVL: $11.22B [1]
  • DEX liquidity: $1,725M
  • Token price: $81.22 [1]
  • Transaction efficiency magnitude: 203
  • On/off-ramps and bridges:

Gnosis Chain (xDAI)

Updated: March 03, 2022

Decentralization
  • Consensum mechanism:
  • Number of active validators:
  • Validator share distribution:
  • Token supply distribution:
Network statistics
  • Uptime:
  • Block time:
  • Number of unique addresses:
  • Daily transactions:
  • Gas price:
  • Age: 3 years and 4 months [1]
Infrastructure
  • VM:
  • Node services:
  • Reliable data oracles:
    • Chainlink
  • Number of existing protocols: 26 [1]
  • Block explorer: Gnosis Chain Explorer
Capital
  • Chain TVL: $256M [1]
  • DEX liquidity: $140M
    • Curve: $112M
    • SushiSwap: $17M
    • HoneySwap: $11M
  • Token price: $1
  • Transaction efficiency magnitude:
  • On/off-ramps and bridges:

Cronos

Updated: March 02, 2022

Decentralization
  • Consensum mechanism:
  • Number of active validators:
  • Validator share distribution:
  • Token supply distribution:
Network statistics
  • Uptime:
  • Block time:
  • Number of unique addresses:
  • Daily transactions:
  • Gas price:
  • Age:
Infrastructure
  • VM:
  • Node services:
    • Alchemy
  • Reliable data oracles:
  • Number of existing protocols: 46 [1]
  • Block explorer:
Capital
  • Chain TVL: $2.37B [1]
  • DEX liquidity:
  • Token price:
  • Transaction efficiency magnitude:
  • On/off-ramps and bridges:

BNB Chain

Updated: March 03, 2022

Decentralization
  • Consensum mechanism:
  • Number of active validators:
  • Validator share distribution:
  • Token supply distribution:
Network statistics
  • Uptime:
  • Block time:
  • Number of unique addresses:
  • Daily transactions:
  • Gas price:
  • Age:
Infrastructure
  • VM:
  • Node services:
  • Reliable data oracles:
    • Chainlink
  • Number of existing protocols: 324 [1]
  • Block explorer:
Capital
  • Chain TVL: $12.41B [1]
  • DEX liquidity: $5,545M
    • PancakeSwap: $4,470M [1]
    • Ellipsis Finance: $615M [1]
    • MDEX: $460M [1]
  • Token price:
  • Transaction efficiency magnitude:
  • On/off-ramps and bridges:

Resources