# Multi-Chain Evaluation Framework ## Criteria ### Decentralization - Consensum mechanism - Number of active validators (past 14 days) - Validator share distribution (past 14 days, gini coefficient) - Token supply distribution (top 100 holders on Ethereum or on the chain itself, gini coefficient) ### Network statistics - Uptime _- TODO: Need accurate sources_ - Block time - Number of unique addresses - Daily transactions (30-day harmonic mean) - Gas price (30-day harmonic mean, gwei) - Age (since genesis) ### Infrastructure - VM - Node services - Reliable data oracles - Number of existing protocols - Block explorer ### Capital - Chain TVL - DEX liquidity (top 3) - Token price (USD, 30-day moving average at close) - Transaction efficiency magnitude (= _daily_transactions_ / (_gas_price_ * _token_price_)) - On/off-ramps and bridges ## Evaluations ### Ethereum - Baseline _Updated: March 01, 2022_ #### Decentralization - Consensum mechanism: **PoW** - Number of active validators: **67** [[1]](https://etherscan.io/stat/miner?range=14&blocktype=blocks) - Validator share distribution: **0.830** [[1]](https://etherscan.io/stat/miner?range=14&blocktype=blocks) - Token supply distribution: **0.600** [[1]](https://etherscan.io/accounts) #### Network statistics - Uptime: **Highest** - Block time: **13 seconds** [[1]](https://etherscan.io/chart/blocktime) - Number of unique addresses: **189M** [[1]](https://etherscan.io/chart/address) - Daily transactions: **1,168,206** [[1]](https://etherscan.io/chart/tx) - Gas price: **86 Gwei** [[1]](https://etherscan.io/chart/gasprice) - Age: **6 years and 7 months** #### Infrastructure - VM: EVM - Node services: - [Alchemy](https://www.alchemy.com/) - [Infura](https://infura.io/) - Reliable data oracles: - [Chainlink](https://chain.link/) - Number of existing protocols: **553** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chains) - Block explorer: [Etherscan](https://etherscan.io/) #### Capital - Chain TVL: **$117.1B** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chains) - DEX liquidity: **$25,466M** - [Curve](https://curve.fi/): **$15,620M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/protocol/curve) - [Uniswap](https://app.uniswap.org/#/swap?chain=polygon): **$4,790M** [[1]](https://info.uniswap.org/#/) - [SushiSwap](https://app.sushi.com/en/swap): **$2,056M** [[1]](https://app.sushi.com/analytics/dashboard) - Token price: **$2868.22** [[1]](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?symbol=BINANCE%3AETHUSD) - Transaction efficiency magnitude: **5** - On/off-ramps and bridges: **N/A** --- ### Rollups --- #### Arbitrum _Updated: March 04, 2022_ :warning: **_Warning: Currently in mainnet beta which includes administrative controls._** ##### Decentralization - Consensum mechanism: **Optimistic rollup w/ multi-round fraud proofs** - Number of active validators: **1** [[1]](https://arbiscan.io/stat/miner?range=14&blocktype=blocks) [:information_source:](https://medium.com/offchainlabs/fraud-proofs-and-validators-how-you-or-anyone-can-keep-arbitrum-honest-d68add3f6c5d) :warning: No data on existence of defensive validators or watchtower validators - Validator share distribution: **0** - Token supply distribution: **N/A** ##### Network statistics - Uptime: **High** - Block time: **1.3 seconds** [[1]](https://arbiscan.io/chart/blocktime) - Number of unique addresses: **416K** [[1]](https://arbiscan.io/chart/address) - Daily transactions: **63,299** [[1]](https://arbiscan.io/chart/tx) - Gas price: **0.8 Gwei** [[1]](https://cointool.app/gasPrice/arb) :warning: Missing historical data - Age: **9 months** [[1]](https://arbiscan.io/block/1) ##### Infrastructure - VM: **AVM** - Node services: - Infura - Alchemy - Reliable data oracles: - Chainlink - Number of existing protocols: **64** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chains/Rollup) - Block explorer: [Arbiscan](https://arbiscan.io/) ##### Capital - Chain TVL: **2.25B** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Arbitrum) - DEX liquidity: **$942.27M** - SushiSwap: **$622.77M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Arbitrum) - Curve: **$241.39M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Arbitrum) - Balancer: **$78.11M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Arbitrum) - Token price: **$2868.22** [[1]](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?symbol=BINANCE%3AETHUSD) - Transaction efficiency magnitude: **28** - On/off-ramps and bridges: - [Arbitrum Bridge](https://bridge.arbitrum.io/) - Delay: ~10 minutes to deposit and ~7 days to withdraw - Supported tokens: many - [Hop Exchange](https://app.hop.exchange/) - Delay: ~10 minutes - Supported tokens: ETH, USDC, DAI, USDT --- #### Optimism _Updated: March 04, 2022_ ##### Decentralization - Consensum mechanism: **Optimistic rollup w/ single-round fraud proofs** - Number of active validators: **1** [[1]](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/stat/miner?range=14&blocktype=blocks) [:information_source:](https://community.optimism.io/docs/how-optimism-works/#block-production) :warning: The sequencer is currently centralized and users need to completely trust Optimism PBC [[2]](https://community.optimism.io/docs/protocol/) - Validator share distribution: **0** - Token supply distribution: **N/A** ##### Network statistics - Uptime: **High** - Block time: **instant** - Number of unique addresses: **296K** [[1]](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/chart/address) - Daily transactions: **31,786** [[1]](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/chart/tx) - Gas price: **0.001 Gwei** L2 gas + **unspecified** L1 gas - Age: **3 months** ##### Infrastructure - VM: **OVM** - Node services: - Infura - Alchemy - Reliable data oracles: - Chainlink - Number of existing protocols: **25** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chains/Rollup) - Block explorer: [Etherscan Optimism](https://optimistic.etherscan.io/) ##### Capital - Chain TVL: **335.51M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Optimism) - DEX liquidity: - Uniswap: **$44.8M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Optimism) - Token price: **$2868.22** [[1]](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?symbol=BINANCE%3AETHUSD) - Transaction efficiency magnitude: **undefined** - On/off-ramps and bridges: - [Optimism Gateway](https://gateway.optimism.io/) - Delay: ~10 minutes to deposit and ~14 days to withdraw - Supported tokens: 37 tokens - [Hop Exchange](https://app.hop.exchange/) - Delay: ~10 minutes - Supported tokens: ETH, USDC, DAI, USDT --- ### Alt-L1s --- #### Polygon _Updated: March 01, 2022_ ##### Decentralization - Consensum mechanism: **dPoS** - Number of active validators: **79** [[1]](https://polygonscan.com/stat/miner?range=14&blocktype=blocks) - Validator share distribution: **0.798** [[1]](https://polygonscan.com/stat/miner?range=14&blocktype=blocks) - Token supply distribution: **0.834** [[1]](https://etherscan.io/token/0x7d1afa7b718fb893db30a3abc0cfc608aacfebb0#balances) - Age: **1 year and 9 months** ##### Network statistics - Uptime: **Highest** - Block time: **2 seconds** [[1]](https://polygonscan.com/chart/blocktime) - Number of unique addresses: **138M** [[1]](https://polygonscan.com/chart/address) - Daily transactions: **3,077,908** [[1]](https://polygonscan.com/chart/tx) - Gas price: **80 Gwei** [[1]](https://polygonscan.com/chart/gasprice) ##### Infrastructure - VM: **EVM** - Node services: - [Alchemy](https://www.alchemy.com/) - [Infura](https://infura.io/) - Reliable data oracles: - [Chainlink](https://chain.link/) - Number of existing protocols: **203** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chains) - Block explorer: [Polygonscan](https://polygonscan.com/) ##### Capital - Chain TVL: **$4.2B** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chains) - DEX liquidity: **$1,526M** - [QuickSwap](https://quickswap.exchange/): **$823M** [[1]](https://info.quickswap.exchange/#/) - [Curve](https://curve.fi/): **$461M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/protocol/curve) - [SushiSwap](https://app.sushi.com/en/swap): **$242M** [[1]](https://app.sushi.com/analytics/dashboard) - Token price: **$1.66** [[1]](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?symbol=BINANCE%3AMATICUSDT) - Transaction efficiency magnitude: **23,177** - On/off-ramps and bridges: - Exchanges: - Binance - Binance US - Crypto.com - Coinbase - OKCoin - Bridges: - [Polygon Bridge](https://wallet.polygon.technology/bridge) - Delay: ~4 hours - Supported tokens: many - [Hop Exchange](https://hop.exchange/) - Delay: ~10 minutes - Supported tokens: ETH, MATIC, USDC, DAI, USDT --- #### Avalanche (C-Chain) _Updated: March 04, 2022_ ##### Decentralization - Consensum mechanism: **Snowball Algorithm** [[1]](https://docs.avax.network/learn/platform-overview/avalanche-consensus/#:~:text=Consensus%20is%20the%20task%20of,scalable%2C%20robust%2C%20and%20decentralized.) - Number of active validators: **1241** [[1]](https://www.avax.network/validators) - Validator share distribution: **unknown** :warning: Missing data - Token supply distribution: **0.167** [[1]](https://snowtrace.io/accounts) ##### Network statistics - Uptime: **Highest** - Block time: **2 seconds** [[1]](https://snowtrace.io/chart/blocktime) - Number of unique addresses: **2M** [[1]](https://snowtrace.io/chart/address) - Daily transactions: **971,282** [[1]](https://snowtrace.io/chart/tx) - Gas price: **59 Gwei** [[1]](https://snowtrace.io/chart/gasprice) - Age: **1 year and 5 months** [[1]](https://snowtrace.io/block/1) ##### Infrastructure - VM: **EVM** - Node services: - Reliable data oracles: - Chainlink - Number of existing protocols: **176** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chains/EVM) - Block explorer: - [Avalanche Explorer](https://explorer.avax.network/) - [Snowtrace](https://snowtrace.io/) ##### Capital - Chain TVL: **$11.22B** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Avalanche) - DEX liquidity: **$1,725M** - [Trader Joe](https://traderjoexyz.com/home#/): **$1,510M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Avalanche) - Curve: **$1,240M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Avalanche) - SushiSwap: **$215M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Avalanche) - Token price: **$81.22** [[1]](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?symbol=BINANCE%3AAVAXUSDT) - Transaction efficiency magnitude: **203** - On/off-ramps and bridges: - [Avalanche Bridge](https://bridge.avax.network/select/transfer) - Delay: - Supported tokens: 24 tokens --- #### Gnosis Chain (xDAI) _Updated: March 03, 2022_ ##### Decentralization - Consensum mechanism: - Number of active validators: - Validator share distribution: - Token supply distribution: ##### Network statistics - Uptime: - Block time: - Number of unique addresses: - Daily transactions: - Gas price: - Age: **3 years and 4 months** [[1]](https://blockscout.com/xdai/mainnet/block/1/transactions) ##### Infrastructure - VM: - Node services: - Reliable data oracles: - Chainlink - Number of existing protocols: **26** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chains/EVM) - Block explorer: [Gnosis Chain Explorer](https://blockscout.com/xdai/mainnet/) ##### Capital - Chain TVL: **$256M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Gnosis) - DEX liquidity: **$140M** - Curve: **$112M** - SushiSwap: **$17M** - HoneySwap: **$11M** - Token price: **$1** - Transaction efficiency magnitude: - On/off-ramps and bridges: --- #### Cronos _Updated: March 02, 2022_ ##### Decentralization - Consensum mechanism: - Number of active validators: - Validator share distribution: - Token supply distribution: ##### Network statistics - Uptime: - Block time: - Number of unique addresses: - Daily transactions: - Gas price: - Age: ##### Infrastructure - VM: - Node services: - Alchemy - Reliable data oracles: - Number of existing protocols: **46** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chains/EVM) - Block explorer: ##### Capital - Chain TVL: **$2.37B** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/Cronos) - DEX liquidity: - Token price: - Transaction efficiency magnitude: - On/off-ramps and bridges: --- #### BNB Chain _Updated: March 03, 2022_ ##### Decentralization - Consensum mechanism: - Number of active validators: - Validator share distribution: - Token supply distribution: ##### Network statistics - Uptime: - Block time: - Number of unique addresses: - Daily transactions: - Gas price: - Age: ##### Infrastructure - VM: - Node services: - Reliable data oracles: - Chainlink - Number of existing protocols: **324** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chains/EVM) - Block explorer: ##### Capital - Chain TVL: **$12.41B** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/BSC) - DEX liquidity: **$5,545M** - PancakeSwap: **$4,470M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/BSC) - Ellipsis Finance: **$615M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/BSC) - MDEX: **$460M** [[1]](https://defillama.com/chain/BSC) - Token price: - Transaction efficiency magnitude: - On/off-ramps and bridges: ## Resources - [Unhyped comparison of blockchain platforms](https://medium.com/coinmonks/unhyped-comparison-of-blockchain-platforms-679e122947c1) - [Gini coefficient calculator](https://shlegeris.com/gini.html)