Python實作課程

Hangman，是一個雙人猜單字遊戲。A想一個字，
B嘗試猜A所想的字中的每一個字母。 要猜的字以一列橫線表示。如果B猜中其中一個字母，A便須於該字母出現的所有位置上寫上該字母。
如果猜的字母沒有於該字中出現，A便會畫吊頸公仔的其中一筆。

用電腦做的話…

• 我們沒辦法畫圖(或是說畫圖偏難)
  所以把畫圖改成生命值
• 每次猜之前
  都先秀出目前題目狀況和用過的字母

模板：點我

一、選擇單字
從一長串單字中抽出一個可行的單字
可行：中間沒有特殊符號(Ex. '-')，沒有空格

import random
def get_valid_word(words): # words是裝一堆單字的陣列
    word = random.choice(words) #從word當中挑一個字出來
    
    while '-' in word and ' ' in word:
        word = random.choice(words)
    
    #回傳大寫的單字，本程式全部都用大寫字母操作
    return word.upper() 

二、設定基本遊戲環境
我們總共需要四種不同的資料:

1. word：要猜的字
2. word_letters：word裡面所有種類的字母
3. alphabet：全部26個字母
4. used_letters：猜過的字母

先備工具：set()、string.ascii_uppercase

• set() : 把一個字串變成集合(set)，他不會有重複的字元
• string.ascii_uppercase：26個英文字母組成的字串
  like this : 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

word = get_valid_word(words)
word_letters = set(word) #letters in the word
alphabet = set(string.ascii_uppercase)
used_letters = set() #what the user has guessed

設定基礎遊戲框架
流程：

1. 輸入要猜的字母
2. 如果沒猜過，記錄下來
3. 如果有猜對，寫進答案區
4. 反之如果猜過，提醒玩家
5. 如果輸入錯誤，提醒玩家

重複直到遊戲結束

user_letter = input('Type sth : ') # 1.
if user_letter in alphabet - used_letters: # 2.
    used_letters.add(user_letter)
    if user_letter in word_letters: # 3.
        word_letters.remove(user_letter)
 
elif user_letter in used_letters: # 4.
    print('猜過了')
else: # 5.
    print('輸入錯誤，再輸入一遍')
 

每次輸入之前要讓玩家知道現在答案的長相 & 猜過哪些字母
'-'.join(['A', 'B', 'C']):把該list/set的內容用左邊的東西隔開顯示 → A-B-C

print('You have used the letters :', ' '.join(used_letters))
 
# 偵測現在單字裡的字母被猜了幾種，猜過就顯示，沒猜過就用 - 代替
word_list = [letter if letter in used_letters else '-' for letter in word]
 
print('Current word: ', ' '.join(word_list))

遊戲終止條件有兩個：

1. 答案被猜出來
2. 生命用完

我們先解決第一項，用迴圈即可

while len(word_letters) > 0 : #還沒猜完
    ... #剛剛寫的東西們

三、引入生命機制
傳統Hangman中，每猜錯一次就會畫一筆
這邊我們不畫圖，改用生命值取代，每猜錯一次扣一點，從6點開始扣

lives = 6 # 跟剛剛的資料寫在一起
#修改以下code
# 1.
while len(word_letters) > 0 and lives > 0:
    # 2.
    print('You have', lives, 'lives and you have used these letters:', ' '.join(used_letters))
    # 3.
    if user_letter in alphabet - used_letters:
        used_letters.add(user_letter)
        if user_letter in word_letters:
            word_letters.remove(user_letter)
        else: #猜錯扣點
            lives = lives - 1
            print('猜錯了!')
 

跳出迴圈代表猜完OR沒命了
這時候要判斷情況

if lives == 0: # 沒命，涼去
    print('GG. Try again.')
else: #還有命，代表猜完了，歐耶!
    print(f'Congratulations! You have guess the word {word}!')

'''
Process:
1. Set get_valid_word
2. Set up used_letters, alphabet, word, word_letters
3. Test type sth and can it show the used_letters
4. put everything in the while loop
5. Show word list
6. Put 'lives' into the game
'''
import random
import string
# You can add any words you like
# Or from this place : 'https://www.randomlists.com/data/words.json'
words = ["alike","basic","abandon","embarrassed","alert","circumstance","aim","object","fundamental","Physics","unusual","aboard","original","attractive","research","expression","abrupt","absent","absorbed","absorbing","abstracted","absurd","abundant","massive","accept","acceptable","accessible","accidental","account","accuracy"]
 
def get_valid_word(words):
    word = random.choice(words) #random;y chooses sth from that list
 
    while '-' in word or ' ' in word:
        word = random.choice(word)
    
    return word.upper()
 
 
def hangman():
    word = get_valid_word(words)
    word_letters = set(word) #letters in the word
    alphabet = set(string.ascii_uppercase) # {'B', 'J', 'H', 'P', 'F', 'U', 'S', 'C', 'X', 'Q', 'G', 'I', 'N', 'V', 'T', 'A', 'K', 'R', 'Z', 'M', 'L', 'D', 'E', 'W', 'Y', 'O'}
    used_letters = set() #what the user has guessed
 
    lives = 6
 
    # getting user input
    while len(word_letters) > 0 and lives > 0:
        #letters used
        print('You have ', lives, 'lives left and you have used these letters: ', ' '.join(used_letters))
 
        # What current word is (ex. W - R D)
        word_list = [letter if letter in used_letters else '-' for letter in word]
        print('Current word: ', ' '.join(word_list))
        user_letter = input('Type something : ').upper()
 
        #Detect if the user_letter is used or not
        if user_letter in alphabet - used_letters:
            used_letters.add(user_letter)
            # If the letter is one of the letters we need, remove it from the word_letters(means it's being picked)
            if user_letter in word_letters:
                word_letters.remove(user_letter)
                
            else:
                lives = lives - 1 # take away a life if wrong
                print('Letter is not in words.')
        # 2. If it's already guessed, report.
        elif  user_letter in used_letters:
            print('You have already used that character. Please try again.')
        # 3. If it's not the thing in our game, report.
        else:
            print('Invalid character. Please try again.')
    
    # gets here when len(word_letters) == 0 OR when lives == 0
 
    if lives == 0:
        print(f'Sorry, you died. The word is {word}.')
    else:
        print(f'Congratulation! You have guess the word {word}!')
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    hangman()