# The all new switch book

[toc]

## Chapter 1 Laying the Foundation
### OSI Model
Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model of network layering developed during the late 1970s and formally standardized in [ISO94].
<div style="text-align: center"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/f8CKv1q.png"/></div> </br>

An example of a multi-protocol end station architecture incorporating TCP/IP, Local Area Transport (LAT), AppleTalk, and IPX.
<div style="text-align: center"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/OeULMH6.png"/></div> </br>

### LLC
The Logical Link Control protocol was developed and standardized within
the IEEE 802.2 Working Group (see section 1.4.1) and provides for three types
of service
- LLC Type 1: Connectionless Service.
- LLC Type 2: Connection-Oriented Service.
- LLC Type 3: Acknowledged Connectionless Service.

<div style="text-align: center"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/TB6fvHs.png"/></div> </br>
<div style="text-align: center"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/AWgj44c.png"/></div> </br>

### MAC address
Unicast and Multicast Addresses

<div style="text-align: center"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/KWKT2S8.png"/></div> </br>

### Ethernet Physical Layer Options and Nomenclature
<div style="text-align: center"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/6QKHUh0.png"/></div> </br>
<div style="text-align: center"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/2zYJFDK.png"/></div> </br>

### IEEE LAN standards
> You may notice (both in this book and in industry literature) that IEEE documents are sometimes called ‘‘IEEE so-and-so,’’ and at other times ‘‘P802-dot- whatever.’’ Also, some documents use lowercase letters and some uppercase. While some of the variation is due to sloppiness and inconsistency in publication practices, there is actually a method to the madness — a code system by which we assign designations to Task Forces and the documents that they produce. IEEE 802 uses the following conventions:
> - A document that stands alone (i.e., that is self-contained rather than a supplement to another standard) either gets no letter designation (for example, IEEE 802.3) or gets a capital letter designation if the Working Group that produced the document is responsible for multiple standards (for example, IEEE 802.ID).
> - A document that modifies or supplements a standalone document takes a lowercase letter designation. For example, IEEE 802.1k was a supplement to IEEE 802.IB, adding capability for the discovery and dynamic control of management event forwarding. When the foundation document (in this case, IEEE 802.IB) is revised and republished, all of the outstanding supplements get swept into the base document. The base document keeps its original designation (with a new revision date), and the supplements disappear completely from the scene.
> - Letters are assigned in sequential order (a, B, c, D, E, and so on) as new projects are initiated within each Working Group, without respect to whether they are capitalized or not. There is no relationship between the letter designation assigned to a supplement and the letter of the foundation document that it modifies. The letter designation uniquely identifies both the document and the Working Group Task Force that develops it.
> - Approved standards have an IEEE name (for example, IEEE 802.1Q). Unapproved drafts leading up to an approved standard are designated P802 (dot whatever), signifying that they are the work of an ongoing project (hence the P). The P802 name is usually followed by the draft number. Thus, P802.1p/D9 was the ninth (and final) draft of a supplement to IEEE 802.ID. It turned out that the schedule for publication of IEEE 802.1p (the approved standard resulting from P802.1p) coincided with the time for the revision and republication of its foundation document, IEEE 802.ID. Thus, it was expedient to sweep the supplement into the base document immediately rather than waiting as much as a few years for the next revision cycle. So IEEE 802.Ip (an important standard on multicast pruning and priority bridge operation) was never published on its own.

- In 1991, Fast Ethernet (100Mb/s) [IEEE95b] is spawned by Grand Junction Networks.
- In 1998, Gigabit Ethernet [IEEE98e] was standardized.

### IEEE 802.1
> IEEE 802.1 is the Working Group responsible for all of those aspects of LAN technology that cross MAC sublayer and Physical layer technology boundaries. As such, it has become a catch-all group for a variety of issues and standards development activities, including network management, addressing, and the IEEE 802 architecture itself.

- IEEE 802: Overview and Architecture
- IEEE 802.1AB-2005: LLDP
- IEEE 802.1AD-2005: Amendment to 802.1Q
- IEEE Std 802.1AE-2006: MAC security guidelines
- IEEE 802.1B: SNMP
- IEEE 802.1D: MAC Bridge
- IEEE 802.1E: System Load Protocol
- IEEE 802.1F: Common Definitions for Management (CMIP)
- IEEE 802.1G: Remote MAC Bridging
- IEEE 802.1H: Bridging of Ethernet (SNAP)
- IEEE 802.1Q: Virtual Bridged LANs
- IEEE 802.1X-2004: port access control

From a LAN switch perspective, the important IEEE 802.1 documents are
- ++**IEEE 802**++
- ++**IEEE 802.1D**++
- ++**IEEE 802.1H**++
- ++**IEEE 802.1Q**++

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## Reference
The all new switch book.pdf