# [Record] Install Linux on Windows with WSL

###### tags: `docker`, `WSL` ,`WSL2`

[toc]

## System info
Edition: Windows 11 Home
Version: 21H2
OS build: 22000.1335

## Procedure

1. Run Windows PowerShell as administrator
2. Install and enable hyper-v by running the script Install Linux on Windows with WSL
{%gist anderson-tomas/e9127aea7388c3a978d7c5415a156eb6 %}
2. [Download](https://desktop.docker.com/win/main/amd64/Docker%20Desktop%20Installer.exe) and install Docker Desktop for Windows
3. Install linux subsystem (WSL) by run "Windows PowerShell" as administrator

Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Install the latest PowerShell for new features and improvements! https://aka.ms/PSWindows

PS C:\Windows\system32> wsl --install

4. [Download](https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi) WSL2 and install it

## Share folders

We can access all files in ubuntu from windows. Just open the file explorer (hotkey: win+e) in wondows with below path.

\\wsl$\Ubuntu\home\username\ 

## Enable systemd

sudo -b unshare --pid --fork --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target
sudo -E nsenter --all -t $(pgrep -xo systemd) runuser -P -l $USER -c "exec $SHELL"

## Enable SSH
We got an error message after modifying /etc/ssh/sshd_config and restarting ssh.
### Error

sudo service ssh restart

sshd: no hostkeys available

### Solution

sudo ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
sudo ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
chmod 600 ssh_host_dsa_key
chmod 600 ssh_host_rsa_key
sudo service ssh restart

## Move WSL to other drive
- The Windows Subsystem for Linux only runs on your system drive (usually this is your C: drive). Make sure that distributions are stored on your system drive:
1. Windows 10 open Settings -> System -> Storage -> More Storage Settings: Change where new content is saved
2. On Windows 11 open Settings -> System -> Storage -> Advanced storage settings -> Where new content is saved

- To move WSL from C drive to D drive
On Windows 11 open Settings -> Apps -> Apps & features -> Ubuntu on Windows -> Move
And you will see the error

### If distribution is not installed
Run this command in Powershell which opens the install location of that Windows Store package.

Explorer.exe (Get-AppxPackage *Ubuntu*).InstallLocation

Replace Ubuntu with your installed distribution name. For Ubuntu 18.04 the folder path is:

C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu18.04onWindows_1804.2019.522.0_x64__79rhkp1fndgsc

Copy the install.tar.gz and ubuntu1804.exe (or other name) where you want to install.
Run ubuntu1804.exe which will install the distribution. This may take some time. After successful installation, there will be a rootfs and temp folder.
### If distribution is installed:
This method only works in Windows 10 Build 18305 or above.

Close any running instances of that WSL distribution.
List the installed distribution to get distribution name:

wsl.exe --list --all

Export the required distribution to a tar.gz file:

wsl.exe --export Ubuntu-18.04 D:\MyFolder\MyFile.tar.gz

Import that same file but with different path and different name:

wsl.exe --import MyDistro D:\MyFolder D:\MyFolder\MyFile.tar.gz

Launch the distribution:

wsl.exe --distribution MyDistro

## Usefull commands in Windows PowerShell
### List available Linux distributions available for download through the online store

wsl --list --online
wsl -l -o

### Install WSL command

wsl --install -d <Distribution Name>

### List all Linux distros installed on WSL

wsl -l –running
wsl --list --running
wsl --list --all

### Unregister or uninstall a Linux distribution

wsl --unregister <DistributionName>

### Change the default user for a distribution

ubuntu config --default-user tomas

### Set default Linux distribution

wsl --set-default <Distribution Name>

## Logs in Windows PowerShell

PS C:\Users\tomas> wsl --list --online
Use 'wsl --install -d <Distro>' to install

NAME                                   FRIENDLY NAME
Ubuntu                                 Ubuntu
Debian                                 Debian GNU/Linux
kali-linux                             Kali Linux Rolling
Ubuntu-18.04                           Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
Ubuntu-20.04                           Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Ubuntu-22.04                           Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
OracleLinux_7_9                        Oracle Linux 7.9
OracleLinux_8_7                        Oracle Linux 8.7
OracleLinux_9_1                        Oracle Linux 9.1
openSUSE-Leap-15.5                     openSUSE Leap 15.5
SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-15-SP4    SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4
SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-15-SP5           SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 SP5
openSUSE-Tumbleweed                    openSUSE Tumbleweed

PS C:\Windows\system32> wsl --version
WSL version: 1.0.3.0
Kernel version: 5.15.79.1
WSLg version: 1.0.47
MSRDC version: 1.2.3575
Direct3D version: 1.606.4
DXCore version: 10.0.25131.1002-220531-1700.rs-onecore-base2-hyp
Windows version: 10.0.22000.1335

PS C:\Users\tomas> wsl -l -v
  NAME      STATE           VERSION
* Ubuntu    Running         2

PS C:\Users\tomas> wsl --list --running
Windows Subsystem Linux Distributions:
Ubuntu (Default)
PS C:\Users\tomas> wsl --list --all
Windows Subsystem Linux Distributions:
Ubuntu (Default)

PS C:\Users\tomas> wsl --unregister Ubuntu

## Reference
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install
https://blog.hungwin.com.tw/windows-home-hyper-v/
https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/windows-install/
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/windows/wsl/install
https://hackmd.io/@Kailyn/H1N5OPKlF
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/552307629
https://www.ruyut.com/2022/09/windows-11-install-docker.html
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1379425/system-has-not-been-booted-with-systemd-as-init-system-pid-1-cant-operate
https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/wsl/blob/main/WSL/basic-commands.md
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/troubleshooting#installation-issues
https://superuser.com/questions/1443995/how-to-move-ubuntu-on-windows-to-drive-d-or-other-drive
https://pureinfotech.com/remove-linux-distro-wsl/
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands