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滑動視窗(Sliding Window)

介紹

滑動視窗協定

有學過計概都知道Sliding window protocol(滑動視窗協定),Stop and Wait 一次只能傳一個封包,而 Sliding Window 則可以一次傳送一批封包,使用滑動窗口方法可以避免網路上的流量壅塞。由於傳送方(Sender)和接收方(Receiver)TCP 實作了封包緩衝區的滑動窗口,應用層仍將提供資料以傳輸到 TCP,而不必擔心網路流量壅塞問題。

窗口大小可能會根據網路流量動態變化,如果在通訊路徑的錯誤非常少,則可增加窗口的大小,以增加資料吞吐量。反之,則減少窗口的大小,以確保資料完整性而且維持吞吐量。

有興趣了解可以參考此影片

滑動視窗演算法

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
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(圖片取自Sliding Window Algorithm)

那回到滑動視窗演算法,也是差不多的概念,透過使用一個可變的視窗大小或固定視窗大小來解題,通常多用在字串或陣列的問題,當然這有些題目可以透過暴力解法解決,但使用滑動視窗演算法可將時間複雜度從

O(n2)
O(n3)
降到
O(n)

練習

解題3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters

題目說明

給予一個字串,找出不重複字串最長長度

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

解法一

圖解

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

程式碼
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

/** * @param {string} s * @return {number} */ var lengthOfLongestSubstring = function(s) { let maxLength = 0; const unique = []; for (let char in [...s]) { while (unique.includes(s[char])){ unique.shift(); } unique.push(s[char]); maxLength = Math.max(unique.length, maxLength) } return maxLength; };

解法二

使用一個集合(Set)來儲存目前子字串中的字元,並使用兩個指標 ij 來追蹤子字串的開始和結束。只要目前的字元 arr[j] 不在集合中, arr[i] 向前移動指標,當找到不重複字元時 j 指標向前移動。

每當將新字元加入到集合中時,含有不重複字元的最長子字串的長度將更新為j - i

程式碼
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

/** * @param {string} s * @return {number} */ var lengthOfLongestSubstring = function(s) { let set = new Set(); let maxLength = 0; let i = 0; let j = 0; while (i < s.length && j < s.length) { if (!set.has(s[j])) { set.add(s[j++]); maxLength = Math.max(maxLength, j - i); } else { set.delete(s[i++]); } } return maxLength; };

相似題

567. Permutation in String

特別感謝

感謝Howard Gou大大訂正