# Ch.8 假設語氣與間接問句
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## 一、學習目標
1. 能理解並使用三種假設語氣（與現在、過去、未來事實相反）。
2. 能正確使用 if 子句與主句的時態搭配。
3. 能掌握間接問句的結構與語序變化。
4. 能區分真假條件句與祈使句的用法。
---
## 二、假設語氣概述
假設語氣（Subjunctive Mood）用來表達與事實相反或不太可能發生的假設情況。中文常翻譯為「如果...就...」、「要是...就好了」。
| 類型 | 條件 | 結果 | 例句 |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 真實條件句 | 可能發生 | 可能發生 | If it rains, I will stay home. |
| 與現在事實相反 | 現在不可能 | 現在不可能 | If I were rich, I would buy a house. |
| 與過去事實相反 | 過去沒發生 | 過去沒發生 | If I had studied, I would have passed. |
| 與未來事實相反 | 未來不太可能 | 未來不太可能 | If I were to win, I would donate the money. |
---
## 三、真實條件句（零條件句 / 第一條件句）
### 3.1 零條件句（Zero Conditional）
表示科學事實、普遍真理，if 子句與主句都用一般現在式。
- If you heat ice, it melts.（如果你加熱冰，它會融化。）
- If I eat too much, I get sleepy.（如果我吃太多，我會想睡。）
---
### 3.2 第一條件句（First Conditional）
表示未來可能發生的事，if 子句用一般現在式，主句用未來式。
| if 子句 | 主句 |
|:---|:---|
| 一般現在式 | will + 原形 |
| If it rains tomorrow, | I will stay home. |
| If she calls me, | I will tell her the news. |
| If you don't hurry, | you will miss the bus. |
> 💡 主句也可用 may / might / can / could / should / must / have to 等情態動詞。
- If you finish early, you can leave first.
- If he is busy, I will call later.
---
## 四、與現在事實相反（第二條件句）
### 4.1 結構
| if 子句 | 主句 |
|:---|:---|
| 過去式（be 動詞一律用 were）| would / could / might + 原形 |
| If I were you, | I would take that job. |
| If she knew the truth, | she would be angry. |
| If they had more money, | they could buy a car. |
> ⚠️ 注意：if 子句中，所有人稱的 be 動詞都用 were（正式用法），口語中 I / he / she / it 也可用 was，但考試建議用 were。
---
### 4.2 使用時機
表示與現在事實相反或現在不可能發生的假設。
| 例句 | 事實 |
|:---|:---|
| If I were a bird, I would fly to you. | 我不可能是鳥 |
| If I knew her number, I would call her. | 我不知道她的號碼 |
| If he were here, he would help us. | 他不在這裡 |
| If I had more time, I would travel more. | 我沒有太多時間 |
---
### 4.3 倒裝句型（省略 if）
將 if 子句中的 were / had / should 移到句首，省略 if。
| 原句 | 倒裝句 |
|:---|:---|
| If I were you, ... | Were I you, ... |
| If he had known, ... | Had he known, ... |
| If it should rain, ... | Should it rain, ... |
> 💡 倒裝句較正式，常見於書面語。
---
## 五、與過去事實相反（第三條件句）
### 5.1 結構
| if 子句 | 主句 |
|:---|:---|
| had + p.p.（過去完成式）| would / could / might + have + p.p. |
| If I had studied harder, | I would have passed the exam. |
| If she had arrived on time, | she could have seen the show. |
| If they had taken my advice, | they might have won. |
---
### 5.2 使用時機
表示與過去事實相反的假設，即「後悔」、「早知道就...」。
| 例句 | 事實 |
|:---|:---|
| If I had studied harder, I would have passed. | 我沒有努力讀書，所以沒過 |
| If he had left earlier, he wouldn't have missed the train. | 他沒有早點出門，所以錯過了 |
| If we had known about the typhoon, we would have stayed home. | 我們不知道颱風來了 |
---
### 5.3 倒裝句型（省略 if）
| 原句 | 倒裝句 |
|:---|:---|
| If I had known, ... | Had I known, ... |
| If she had arrived earlier, ... | Had she arrived earlier, ... |
---
## 六、與未來事實相反（混合條件句）
### 6.1 第二條件句的未來用法
表示未來不太可能發生的假設，結構與第二條件句相同。
- If I won the lottery tomorrow, I would quit my job.
- If he were to come, I would be surprised.
> 💡 were to + 原形 表示更強烈的不可能性。
---
### 6.2 混合條件句
if 子句與主句的時間不一致。
| 類型 | if 子句 | 主句 | 例句 |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 過去 → 現在 | had + p.p. | would + 原形 | If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now. |
| 現在 → 過去 | 過去式 | would have + p.p. | If I were more careful, I wouldn't have made that mistake. |
---
## 七、其他假設用法
### 7.1 I wish / If only
表示「但願...就好了」，與事實相反。
| 時間 | 結構 | 例句 |
|:---|:---|:---|
| 與現在事實相反 | wish + 過去式 | I wish I were taller.（我沒有很高）|
| 與過去事實相反 | wish + had + p.p. | I wish I had studied harder.（我沒有努力讀書）|
| 與未來事實相反 | wish + would + 原形 | I wish it would stop raining.（希望雨會停）|
> 💡 If only 用法與 wish 相同，但語氣更強烈。
> - If only I knew the answer!
---
### 7.2 It's time / It's high time
表示「該是...的時候了」，用過去式表達假設。
- It's time we left.（我們該走了）
- It's high time you went to bed.（你早該睡了）
---
### 7.3 as if / as though
[4/26/2026 5:56 PM] 講義篇章: 表示「好像...」，與事實相反時用過去式。
- He talks as if he knew everything.（他好像什麼都知道，但其實不是）
- She looks as if she had seen a ghost.（她好像見了鬼，但其實沒有）
---
### 7.4 would rather
表示「寧願...」，與事實相反時用過去式。
| 對象 | 結構 | 例句 |
|:---|:---|:---|
| 主詞自己 | would rather + 原形 | I would rather stay home. |
| 別人（現在）| would rather + 主詞 + 過去式 | I would rather you didn't smoke here. |
| 別人（過去）| would rather + 主詞 + had + p.p. | I would rather you hadn't told him. |
---
## 八、間接問句（Indirect Questions）
### 8.1 概述
間接問句用來轉述別人的問題，語序改為陳述句語序（主詞 + 動詞），句尾用句號。
| 直接問句 | 間接問句 |
|:---|:---|
| Where is he? | Do you know where he is? |
| What did she say? | I don't know what she said. |
| Is he coming? | I wonder if/whether he is coming. |
---
### 8.2 疑問詞問句的間接問法
結構：主句 + 疑問詞 + 主詞 + 動詞 + ...
| 直接問句 | 間接問句 |
|:---|:---|
| Where do you live? | Can you tell me where you live? |
| What is your name? | I asked him what his name was. |
| How did she do it? | Do you know how she did it? |
| Which one do you want? | I don't know which one you want. |
> ⚠️ 注意：疑問詞後面用陳述句語序，助動詞 do/does/did 要拿掉。
---
### 8.3 Yes/No 問句的間接問法
結構：主句 + if / whether + 主詞 + 動詞 + ...
| 直接問句 | 間接問句 |
|:---|:---|
| Is he happy? | I wonder if/whether he is happy. |
| Did she call? | Do you know if/whether she called? |
| Can you help me? | I asked him if/whether he could help me. |
> 💡 whether 比 if 更正式，且可與 or not 連用。
> - I don't know whether he is coming or not.
---
### 8.4 時態變化
當主句是過去式時，間接問句的時態通常要退一格。
| 直接問句 | 間接問句（主句過去式）|
|:---|:---|
| Where is he? | I asked where he was. |
| What are you doing? | She asked what I was doing. |
| Where did you go? | He asked where I had gone. |
| What will you do? | They asked what I would do. |
> ⚠️ 例外：表達客觀事實時，時態不變。
> - She asked what two plus two is.（客觀事實，不改過去式）
---
### 8.5 常見主句動詞
| 動詞 | 例句 |
|:---|:---|
| ask | She asked me where I lived. |
| wonder | I wonder if he is OK. |
| know | Do you know what time it is? |
| tell me | Can you tell me how to get there? |
| remember | I don't remember what he said. |
| find out | I need to find out who did this. |
| decide | We haven't decided where to go. |
---
## 九、⚠️ 常見錯誤警示
| 錯誤類型 | 錯誤例句 ❌ | 正確例句 ✅ | 說明 |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 第二條件句用未來式 | If I will have time, ... | If I had time, ... | 與現在相反用過去式 |
| if 子句用 would | If I would be you, ... | If I were you, ... | if 子句不用 would |
| be 動詞用 was（正式）| If he was here, ... | If he were here, ... | 正式考試建議用 were |
| 間接問句用問句語序 | Do you know where is he? | Do you know where he is? | 間接問句用陳述句語序 |
| 間接問句保留助動詞 | I don't know what does he want. | I don't know what he wants. | 去掉 do/does/did |
| 第三條件句用過去式 | If I studied harder, I would pass. | If I had studied harder, I would have passed. | 與過去相反用 had + p.p. |
| wish 後面用現在式 | I wish I am rich. | I wish I were rich. | wish 後面用過去式表假設 |
| whether 後面加 that | I don't know whether that he comes. | I don't know whether he is coming. | whether 後面不加 that |
---
## 十、例句示範與應用
### 10.1 假設語氣應用
| 情境 | 例句 |
|:---|:---|
| 給建議 | If I were you, I would apologize to her. |
| 表後悔 | I wish I hadn't said those words. |
| 表不可能 | If I could fly, I would travel around the world. |
| 表但願 | If only I knew the answer! |
| 該是時候 | It's time we went home. |
---
### 10.2 間接問句應用
| 情境 | 直接問句 | 間接問句 |
|:---|:---|:---|
| 問路 | Where is the station? | Could you tell me where the station is? |
| 問時間 | What time is it? | Do you know what time it is? |
| 問是否 | Is he coming? | I wonder if he is coming. |
| 問方式 | How do I get there? | Can you show me how to get there? |
---
### 10.3 會考常見句型
| 句型 | 例句 | 考點 |
|:---|:---|:---|
| If I were you, I would... | If I were you, I wouldn't do that. | 第二條件句 |
| I wish I had... | I wish I had listened to my parents. | 與過去相反 |
| It's time + 過去式 | It's time we left. | 假設語氣 |
| as if + 過去式 | He acts as if he owned the place. | 與現在相反 |
| would rather + 過去式 | I would rather you didn't tell anyone. | 假設語氣 |
---
## 十一、即時練習
### 11.1 選擇題（請選出正確答案）
1. If I __ rich, I would buy a big house.
A. am B. was C. were D. be
2. If I __ harder, I would have passed the exam.
A. study B. studied C. had studied D. have studied
3. I wish I __ a bird. I could fly anywhere.
A. am B. was C. were D. be
4. Do you know __ ?
A. where is he B. where he is C. where does he live D. where he living
5. She asked me __ I was coming to the party.
A. that B. if C. what D. how
6. If it __ tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
A. rains B. will rain C. rained D. would rain
7. I would rather you __ so loudly.
A. don't speak B. didn't speak C. hadn't spoken D. not speak
8. It's time we __ home.
A. go B. went C. going D. to go
9. He talks as if he __ everything.
A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would know
10. I don't know whether he __ or not.
A. comes B. came C. is coming D. would come
---
### 11.2 填空題（請填入正確的動詞形式）
1. If I __ (be) you, I __ (take) that job.
2. If she __ (study) harder, she __ (pass) the test.
3. I wish I __ (not / say) those words yesterday.
4. If we __ (leave) earlier, we __ (not / miss) the train.
5. It's high time you __ (go) to bed.
6. Can you tell me where the post office __ (be)?
7. She asked me if I __ (can) help her.
8. I would rather you __ (not / smoke) here.
9. If only I __ (know) the answer!
10. He looks as if he __ (see) a ghost.
---
### 11.3 句型轉換（依指示改寫句子）
1. I don't have a car, so I can't drive you home.（用 If 改為第二條件句）
2. He didn't study, so he failed.（用 If 改為第三條件句）
3. "Where is the station?"（改為間接問句：Could you tell me...）
4. "Is she coming tomorrow?"（改為間接問句：I wonder...）
5. I regret not buying that book.（用 I wish 改寫）
---
### 11.4 翻譯練習（中翻英）
1. 如果我是你，我會接受這個提議。（用第二條件句）
2. 要是我當時聽了你的建議就好了。（用 I wish）
3. 你知道他住在哪裡嗎？（用間接問句）
4. 如果明天下雨，我們就取消野餐。（用第一條件句）
5. 她問我是否會參加會議。（用間接問句）
---
### 11.5 句子重組
1. I / were / if / you / would / I / apologize / .
2. know / do / where / you / he / lives / ?
3. wish / I / had / studied / I / harder / .
4. time / it's / went / we / home / .
5. whether / I / he / know / don't / is / coming / .
---
<details>
<summary>📎 點此查看全部答案</summary>
選擇題答案
1. C (were) — 第二條件句，be 動詞用 were
2. C (had studied) — 第三條件句，與過去相反
3. C (were) — wish 與現在相反，be 用 were
4. B (where he is) — 間接問句用陳述句語序
5. B (if) — Yes/No 問句間接問法用 if/whether
6. A (rains) — 第一條件句，if 子句用一般現在式
7. B (didn't speak) — would rather + 主詞 + 過去式
8. B (went) — It's time + 過去式
9. B (knew) — as if 與現在相反用過去式
10. C (is coming) — whether 後面陳述句語序
填空題答案
1. were / would take
2. had studied / would have passed（第三條件句）
3. hadn't said — wish 與過去相反
4. had left / wouldn't have missed — 第三條件句
5. went — It's time + 過去式
6. is — 間接問句，客觀事實時態不變
7. could — 主句過去式，can 退為 could
8. didn't smoke — would rather + 過去式
9. knew — If only 與現在相反
10. had seen — as if 與過去相反用 had + p.p.
句型轉換答案
1. If I had a car, I could drive you home.
2. If he had studied, he wouldn't have failed.
3. Could you tell me where the station is?
4. I wonder if/whether she is coming tomorrow.
5. I wish I had bought that book.
翻譯練習答案
1. If I were you, I would accept this offer.
2. I wish I had taken your advice.
3. Do you know where he lives?
4. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
5. She asked me if/whether I would attend the meeting.
[4/26/2026 5:56 PM] 講義篇章: 句子重組答案
1. If I were you, I would apologize.
2. Do you know where he lives?
3. I wish I had studied harder.
4. It's time we went home.
5. I don't know whether he is coming.
</details>
---
## 十二、進階挑戰
### 12.1 短文填空（請填入正確的動詞形式）
> Last week, I had a big argument with my best friend. Now I regret it deeply. If only I (1) (not / say) those hurtful words! I wish I (2) (be) more patient at that time.
>
> If I (3) (apologize) to her now, she (4) probably (forgive) me. But I am too proud to do so. If I (5) (be) you, I (6) (not / hesitate) for a second.
>
> Yesterday, a mutual friend asked me (7) we (make) up yet. I told her I didn't know. She also wondered (8) I (plan) to say sorry. I replied that I (9) (not / decide) yet. It's high time I (10) (take) action before it's too late.
---
### 12.2 寫作練習
請用至少 100 個英文單字，寫一段關於「如果時光能倒流」的短文。必須包含：
- 至少 2 句第二條件句（與現在事實相反）
- 至少 2 句第三條件句（與過去事實相反）
- 至少 1 句 I wish 或 If only
- 至少 1 句間接問句
---
<details>
<summary>📎 點此查看進階挑戰參考答案</summary>
短文填空答案
1. hadn't said — If only 與過去相反
2. had been — wish 與過去相反
3. apologized — 第二條件句，與現在事實相反（現在還沒道歉）
4. would / forgive
5. were — If I were you
6. wouldn't hesitate
7. if / had made — 間接問句，主句過去式，現在完成式退為過去完成式
8. whether / was planning — 間接問句，過去進行式
9. hadn't decided — 過去完成式
10. took — It's high time + 過去式
寫作練習參考範例
> If I could turn back time, I would make many different choices. First of all, if I had studied harder in junior high school, I would have gotten into a better high school. I wish I had listened to my teachers' advice back then.
> If I were more confident now, I would join more school activities and make more friends. I often wonder what my life would be like if I had been braver. If only I had joined the debate club when I had the chance!
> Another thing I regret is not spending enough time with my grandparents. If I had visited them more often, I would have more precious memories with them now. I wish they were still here so I could tell them how much I love them.
> If I could go back to the past, I would also tell myself not to worry so much about small things. I would rather have enjoyed my youth than spent all my time worrying about exams. It's high time I learned to live in the present and appreciate what I have now.
</details>
---
## 十三、Ch.1 ~ Ch.8 混合練習
### 請判斷以下句子使用正確的語法，錯誤的請改正
1. If I will have time, I will help you. → __
2. I wish I am taller. → __
3. Do you know where is he? → __
4. If I had studied harder, I would pass the exam. → __
5. It's time we go home. → __
6. She asked me if I can swim. → __
7. He talks as if he knows everything. → __
8. I would rather you don't go there. → __
9. If only I have more money! → __
10. I don't know whether he is coming or not. → __
---
<details>
<summary>📎 點此查看答案</summary>
1. ❌ If I have time, I will help you.（第一條件句，if 子句用一般現在式）
2. ❌ I wish I were taller.（wish 與現在相反，be 用 were）
3. ❌ Do you know where he is?（間接問句用陳述句語序）
4. ❌ If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（與過去相反，主句用 would have + p.p.）
5. ❌ It's time we went home.（It's time + 過去式）
6. ❌ She asked me if I could swim.（主句過去式，can 退為 could）
7. ✅ 正確（as if 與現在事實相反，用過去式 knew）
8. ❌ I would rather you didn't go there.（would rather + 主詞 + 過去式）
9. ❌ If only I had more money!（If only 與現在相反，用過去式）
10. ✅ 正確（whether ... or not 正確用法）
</details>
---
| 章節 | 主題 | 快速導覽連結 |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Ch.1 | 基礎句型與 be 動詞 | [點我進入 Ch1](https://hackmd.io/@StudyNoteVIP/JuniorHighEng-1) |
| Ch.2 | 一般現在式與現在進行式 | [點我進入 Ch2](https://hackmd.io/@StudyNoteVIP/JuniorHighEng-2) |
| Ch.3 | 過去式（規則/不規則） | [點我進入 Ch3](https://hackmd.io/@StudyNoteVIP/JuniorHighEng-3) |
| Ch.4 | 未來式（will / be going to） | [點我進入 Ch4](https://hackmd.io/@StudyNoteVIP/JuniorHighEng-4) |
| Ch.5 | 現在完成式 | [點我進入 Ch5](https://hackmd.io/@StudyNoteVIP/JuniorHighEng-5) |
| Ch.6 | 被動語態 | [點我進入 Ch6](https://hackmd.io/@StudyNoteVIP/JuniorHighEng-6) |
| Ch.7 | 關係代名詞 | [點我進入 Ch7](https://hackmd.io/@StudyNoteVIP/JuniorHighEng-7) |
| Ch.8 | 假設語氣與間接問句 | [點我進入 Ch8](https://hackmd.io/@StudyNoteVIP/JuniorHighEng-8) |
| Ch.9 | 會考閱讀技巧 | [點我進入 Ch9](https://hackmd.io/@StudyNoteVIP/JuniorHighEng-9) |
| Ch.10 | 會考寫作句型模板 | [點我進入 Ch10](https://hackmd.io/@StudyNoteVIP/JuniorHighEng-10) |
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