<!-- .slide: style="font-size: 32px" --> # Oh Fungi Where art Thou? Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities vary with climate, land use, and depth Rob Ramos, Camille Delavaux, Brianna Richards, James Bever <div class="r-stack"> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0%;" >  </div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 10%;" >  </div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 20%;" >  </div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 30%;" >  </div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 50%;" >  </div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 70%;" >  </div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 85%;" >  </div> </div> --- <!-- .slide: style="columns: 2; font-size: 38px" --> ### AM fungi are great - AM fungi partner with most plant species - They can improve resource uptake of their host plants - AM fungal diversity can affect plant community function  --- ### Depth is important  --- ### As is Land Use History  --- ### Precipitation matters <div class="r-stack">  <div class="fragment" style="position: absolute; left: 20%; top: 40%;" >  </div> <div class="fragment" style="position: absolute; right: 15%; top: 40%;" >  </div> </div> ---  ---  --- <!-- .slide: style="columns: 2; font-size: 28px" --> ### Study Design  - 12 Sites located across the Kansas precipitation gradient - Sampling occurred in 2018, 2019, and 2021 - Three land use histories located at each site - Agricultural - Post-Agricultural - Native Prairie - Sampled and sequenced at separate depths - 5cm, 15cm, 30cm, 75cm, 120cm, 150cm --- <!-- .slide: style="columns: 2; font-size: 20px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'" --> ### Composition / Beta-Diversity | PerMANOVA Results | R2 | Pr(>F) | | |:------------------------------ |:----:|:------:|:------:| | Land Use History (LUH) | 0.01 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | Depth (cm) | 0.01 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | Precipitation (cm/yr) | 0.02 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | LUH by Depth | 0.01 | 0.02 | * | | LUH by Precipitation | 0.02 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | Depth by Precipitation | 0.00 | 0.11 | | | Depth by LUH and Precipitation | 0.01 | 0.45 | | ### Alpha Diversity | ANOVA (II) | Pr(>Chisq) | | |:------------------------------ |:----------:|:------:| | Land Use History (LUH) | 0.24 | | | Depth (cm) | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | Precipitation (cm/yr) | 0.97 | | | LUH by Depth | 0.00 | ** | | LUH by Precipitation | 0.74 | | | Depth by Precipitation | 0.29 | | | Depth by Precipitation and LUH | 0.04 | * | ---- <!-- .slide: style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'" --> ## PerMANOVA Results | | Df | SumOfSqs | R2 | F | Pr(>F) | | |:------------------------------ |:------:|:--------:|:----:|:-----:|:------:|:------:| | Land Use History (LUH) | 2.00 | 299.22 | 0.01 | 1.94 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | Depth | 1.00 | 186.06 | 0.01 | 2.41 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | Precipitation | 1.00 | 355.38 | 0.02 | 4.60 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | LUH by Depth | 2.00 | 223.36 | 0.01 | 1.45 | 0.02 | * | | LUH by Precipitation | 2.00 | 355.70 | 0.02 | 2.30 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | Depth by Precipitation | 1.00 | 101.56 | 0.00 | 1.32 | 0.11 | | | Depth by LUH and Precipitation | 2.00 | 153.70 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.45 | | | Sampling Event | 3.00 | 554.76 | 0.03 | 2.40 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | Sequencing Depth | 1.00 | 1047.09 | 0.05 | 13.57 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | LUH by Site | 29.00 | 3712.70 | 0.17 | 1.66 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | Residual | 194.00 | 14971.67 | 0.68 | | | | | Total | 238.00 | 21961.20 | 1.00 | | | | ---- <!-- .slide: style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'" --> ANOVA (II) | | Chisq | Df | Pr(>Chisq) | | |:------------------------------ |:-----:|:----:|:----------:|:------:| | LUH | 2.84 | 2.00 | 0.24 | | | Depth | 15.50 | 1.00 | 0.00 | \*\*\* | | Precipitation | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.97 | | | LUH by Depth | 12.35 | 2.00 | 0.00 | ** | | LUH by Precipitation | 0.61 | 2.00 | 0.74 | | | Depth by Precipitation | 1.13 | 1.00 | 0.29 | | | Depth by Precipitation and LUH | 6.38 | 2.00 | 0.04 | * | | Sampling Event | 0.80 | 3.00 | 0.85 | | --- ### Beta-Diversity  --- <!-- .slide: style="columns: 2; font-size: 38px" --> ### Beta-diversity  ### Alpha-dversity  ---- ### Beta-Diversity  --- <!-- .slide: style="columns: 2; font-size: 38px" --> ### Beta-Diversity  ### Alpha-Diversity  --- <!-- .slide: style="columns: 2; font-size: 38px" --> ### Beta-Diversity  ### Alpha-Diversity  --- <!-- .slide: style="font-size: 32px" --> ## Conclusions 1. Depth matters - Different communities - Communities at depth have more dominant species 2. Precipitation matters - Dry sites are more heterogeneous - Differences between depth are greater at wet sites 3. Land use history is important - Agricultural sites are less heterogeneous - Agriculture disrupts trends in precip (beta) and depth (alpha) --- # Questions?