# N4 Grammar List

| Romaji | Hiragana | Kanji | Definition |
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
| aida | あいだ | 間 | While, during, between |
| aidani | あいだに | 間に | While, during (something happened) |
| amari~nai | あまり～ない | ー | Not very, not much |
| atode | あとで | 後で | After, later |
| ba | ば | ー | Conditional form, A then B |
| baaiwa | ばあいは | 場合は | In the event of, in case that |
| bakari | ばかり | ー | Only, nothing but |
| dakede | だけで | ー | Just by, just by doing |
| dasu | だす | 出す | To begin to, to burst into |
| degozaimasu | でございます | ー | To be (尊敬語) |
| demo | でも | ー | Or something, how about |
| dewanaika | ではないか | ー | Right, isn't it |
| gahitsuyou | がひつよう | が必要 | Need, necessary |
| gasuru | がする | ー | To smell, hear, taste |
| gari | がり | ー | Personality (has a tendency to) |
| garu | がる | ー | To show signs of, to appear |
| gatteiru | がっている | ー | To show signs of, to appear |
| goro | ごろ | 頃 | Around, about, when |
| gozaimasu | ございます | ー | To be, to exist (いる/ある、尊敬語) |
| hajimeru | はじめる | 始める | To start to |
| hazuda | はずだ | ー | It must be, should be (expectation) |
| hazuganai | はずがない | ー | Cannot be (impossible) |
| hitsuyougaaru | ひつようがある | 必要がある | Need to, necessary to |
| irassharu | いらっしゃる | ー | To be, to come, to go (尊敬語) |
| itashimasu | いたします | ー | To do (謙譲語) |
| janaika | じゃないか | ー | Isn't it |
| kadouka | かどうか | ー | Whether or not |
| kashira | かしら | ー | I wonder |
| kai | かい | ー | Turns sentence into y/n question |
| kamoshirenai | かもしれない | ー | Might, perhaps |
| kana | かな | ー | I wonder, should I |
| karatsukuru | からつくる | から作る | Made from |
| kitto | きっと | ー | Surely, almost certainly |
| koro | ころ | 頃 | Around, about, when |
| koto | こと | ー | Verb nominaliser |
| kotogaaru | ことがある | ー | There are times when |
| kotogadekiru | ことができる | ー | Can, able to |
| kotoninaru | ことになる | ー | It has been decided that |
| kotonisuru | ことにする | ー | To decide on |
| kusuru | くする | ー | To make something |
| kyuuni | きゅうに | 急に | Quickly, immediately |
| madeni | までに | ー | By the time, time limit |
| mama | まま | ー | As it is |
| matawa | または | ー | Both, or |
| mitaida | みたいだ | ー | Like, similar to |
| mitaina | みたいな | ー | Like, similar to |
| mitaini | みたいに | ー | Like, similar to |
| mo | も | ー | As many as, up to, nearly |
| na | な | ー | Don't (命令形) |
| nado | など | ー | Such as, things like |
| nagara | ながら | ー | While, during |
| nakanaka~nai | なかなか～ない | ー | Not easy to |
| nakerebaikenai | なければいけない | ー | Must do |
| nakerebanaranai | なければならない | ー | Must do |
| nara | なら | ー | If, in the case that |
| nasai | なさい | ー | Command |
| nasaru | なさる | ー | To do (尊敬語) |
| nikigatsuku | にきがつく | に気がつく | To notice, realise |
| nimieru | にみえる | に見える | To look, seem |
| nisuru | にする | ー | To make something |
| nikui | にくい | ー | Difficult to do |
| nonakade | のなかで | の中で | In, among |
| noni | のに | ー | Although, in spite of, in order to |
| nowa~da | のは～だ | ー | The reason for A is B |
| o~kudasai | お～ください | ー | Please do ~ (尊敬語) |
| o~ninaru | お～になる | ー | To do (尊敬語) |
| okini | おきに | ー | Repeated at intervals, every ~ |
| owaru | おわる | 終わる | To finish, end |
| rashii | らしい | ー | It seems like, I heard |
| sa | さ | ー | Nominaliser for adjective |
| sakki | さっき | ー | Some time ago, just now |
| sasetekudasai | させてください | ー | Please let me |
| sasuga | さすが | ー | As expected of |
| shi | し | ー | And what's more |
| sonnani | そんなに | ー | So much, like that |
| soredemo | それでも | ー | But still, even so |
| soreni | それに | ー | Besides, in addition |
| souda | そうだ | ー | I heard that, it is said that, looks like |
| souna | そうな | ー | Seems like, looks like |
| souni | そうに | ー | Seems like, looks like |
| tabakari | たばかり | ー | Just finished |
| tatokoro | たところ | ー | Just finished doing |
| tagaru | たがる | ー | Wants to do (Third person) |
| tara | たら | ー | If, after, when |
| taradou | たらどう | ー | Why don't you (advice) |
| taraiidesuka | たらいいですか | ー | What should I do (seeking advice) |
| teageru | てあげる | ー | To do for, do a favor |
| tehoshii | てほしい | ー | I want you to |
| teiku | ていく | ー | To start, continue |
| teita | ていた | ー | Was doing something (past continuous) |
| teitadakemasenka | ていただけませんか | ー | Could you please |
| tekureru | てくれる | ー | To do a favour |
| tekuru | てくる | ー | To do ~ and come back |
| temiru | てみる | ー | To try doing |
| temorau | てもらう | ー | To get somebody to do something |
| teoku | ておく | ー | To do something in advance |
| teshimau | てしまう | ー | To do something by accident |
| tesumimasen | てすみません | ー | I'm sorry for |
| teyaru | てやる | ー | To do for |
| teyokatta | てよかった | ー | I'm glad that |
| teirutokoro | ているところ | ー | In the process of doing |
| temo | ても | ー | Even if, even though |
| to | と | ー | And |
| toittemoii | といってもいい | と言ってもいい | You could say |
| toiu | という | と言う | Called, named |
| toiukoto | ということ | と言うこと | Convert phrase to noun |
| toiwareteiru | といわれている | と言われている | It is said that |
| tokiita | ときいた | と聞いた | I heard |
| toomou | とおもう | と思う | To think, I think |
| toka~toka | とか～とか | ー | Among other things |
| tokoro | ところ | ー | Just about to |
| tsudzukeru | つづける | 続ける | Continue to, keen on |
| tte | って | ー | Named, called |
| wa~ga...ga | は～が。。。は | ー | A but B, however |
| yasui | やすい | 安い | Easy to, likely to |
| yatto | やっと | ー | At last, finally, narrowly |
| yori | より | ー | Than, more than, rather than |
| yoteida | よていだ | 予定だ | Plan to, intend to |
| youda | ようだ | ー | Appears, seems |
| youna | ような | ー | Like, similar to |
| youni | ように | ー | Like, similar to |
| youninaru | ようになる | ー | To reach the point that |
| younisuru | ようにする | ー | To try to |
| youtoomou | ようとおもう | ようと思う | Thinking of doing |
| zehi | ぜひ | ー | By all means, certainly |
| zenzen~nai | ぜんぜん～ない | 全然～ない | Not at all |
| zurai | ずらい | ー | Difficult to do |