# 英文總復習

## U2-R2

1. What factors contributed to the rapid growth of the world's population after the emergence of agriculture?农业出现后，是什么因素导致了世界人口的快速增长？
Dependable sources of food 可靠的食物来源

2. Why is the explosive population growth projected for the future considered unsustainable? 为什么预计未来的人口爆炸性增长被认为是不可持续的？
Because of the limited availability of resources 由于可用资源有限

3. What challenges does Mexico City, as an example, face due to its population size and growth? 以墨西哥城为例，由于其人口规模和增长，面临着哪些挑战？
Inadequate food supply 粮食供应不足

4. What step is deemed the most essential toward achieving global prosperity, according to the article? 文章认为，实现全球繁荣最重要的步骤是什么？
Reducing population growth 减少人口增长

5. What role do education programs play in addressing population growth, according to the text? 根据文本，教育计划在解决人口增长方面发挥什么作用？
They promote smaller family sizes. 他们提倡缩小家庭规模。

## U3-R2

We are all consumers, buying and using products and services daily. While we may not view ourselves as wasteful or destructive, the global economy depends on consumerism. Despite having **1. access** to numerous identical products 尽管可以**获得**大量相同的产品, marketing often persuades us to choose one brand over another—even when the items are essentially the same. This influence stems from marketers **2. targeting** our dissatisfaction and using psychology to encourage us to consume more.
这种影响源于营销人员**针对**我们的不满，利用心理学来鼓励我们消费更多.

One strategy advertisers use is appealing to our fears. For example, the fear of being offensive leads us to buy unnecessary products like mouthwash, even though simple dental **3. hygiene**—using a soft toothbrush and dental floss—is sufficient即使简单的牙科**卫生**（使用软牙刷和牙线）就足够. Here, fear **4. outweights** logic恐惧**胜过**逻辑, convincing us to spend money unnecessarily.

Advertisers also exploit our desire to appear attractive or exciting. Commercials for SUVs in the United States showcase these vehicles climbing mountains or crossing rivers, making them seem 5. **adventurous**让他们看起来喜欢**冒险**. However, most SUV owners simply commute in traffic. This irrational behavior stems from the belief that owning an SUV reflects an exciting lifestyle.

Sometimes, our sense of smell influences purchasing decisions. In a study by Dr. Alan Hirsch, volunteers entered two rooms containing identical sneakers. One room was sprayed with a floral scent, and 84% of participants preferred the sneakers in the **6. scented** room在有**香味**的房間. This highlights how subtle cues can affect our choices.

Another powerful tool in marketing is the use of self-fulfilling **7. prophecies**使用自我实现的**预言**. Advertisements for products like diet pills persuade consumers that they will **8. work**他们会**起作用**. This belief leads to behaviors, such as eating less, that create the desired results—whether the product itself is effective or not.

While we like to think of ourselves as reasonable and **9. independent**我们喜歡認爲自己是理性且**獨立的**, the truth is marketers often have more power over us than we **10. realize**对我们的影响力超過比我们能**意识到**. Their growing understanding of the human brain allows them to tap into our subconscious desires and compulsion, shaping our decisions in ways we might not fully understand.

## U4-R1
[D] Another good way for a person to find out if she will be successful in a new field is to try **it** out as a part-time job. Being an **event planner** sounds glamorous, but helping friends with parties or weddings might show her that it’s also very stressful. However, if she has the creativity and organization necessary for such a position, she can continue to plan events for friends until she builds up a reputation. Then she can leave her current job to look for a job in event planning knowing that she’ll be successful in this area.
一个人了解自己是否会在新领域取得成功的另一个好方法是尝试做一份兼职工作。成为一名活动策划者听起来很光鲜亮丽，但帮助朋友举办派对或婚礼可能会让她觉得压力也很大。然而，如果她具有担任这一职位所需的创造力和组织能力，她可以继续为朋友策划活动，直到建立声誉。然后，她可以辞去目前的工作，寻找活动策划方面的工作，因为她知道自己会在这一领域取得成功。

- An **event planner** is a person who ______. 活动策划者是__的人
arranges parties and weddings
安排聚会和婚礼

- The pronoun **it** in Paragraph D refers to ______
a new field 一个新领域

[E] Once a person has found his or her specialty and decides on the change, it’s necessary to stick with it until the business gets off the ground. This usually takes about five years. If the move has been from one company to another, the person should stay until it is clear he is doing a good job and can advance to a higher position. Following this advice will make the transition smoother and the career change successful.
一旦一个人找到了自己的专长并决定做出改变，就必须坚持下去，直到业务起步。这通常需要五年左右的时间。如果调动是从一家公司到另一家公司，那么该人应该留下来，直到他明显表现出色并且可以晋升到更高的职位为止。遵循这一建议将使过渡更加顺利，职业转变成功。

- To **stick with it** means to __.
坚持下去意味着__
stay for a few years 停留几年

- A business that **gets off the ground** __
一个起步的企业__
is successful
成功了

[B] As these questions come to mind, they should try to figure out the answers so they can reach a decision. Although there is a high rate of unemployment in some countries, there are usually jobs for skilled workers who can use computers or other equipment. **Those** who have specialized training in these areas can generally find a position without too much effort.
[B] 当这些问题浮现在脑海中时，他们应该尝试找出答案，以便做出决定。尽管一些国家的失业率很高，但通常有可以使用计算机或其他设备的技术工人的工作机会。那些在这些领域接受过专门培训的人通常不需要太多努力就可以找到职位。

- The pronoun **those** in Paragraph B refers to ______.
skilled workers 熟练工人

## U3-R1
1. What is a primary difference between social entrepreneurs and typical entrepreneurs?社会企业家与典型企业家的主要区别是什么？
Social entrepreneurs aim to make **sustainable** societal changes. 社会企业家的目标是实现**可持续的**社会变革。

2. What was a significant impact of eBay’s creation in 1999?1999 年 eBay的创建产生了哪些重大影响？
It shifted shopping from physical stores to online platforms. 它将购物从实体店转移到了在线平台。

3. What is the concept of microlending primarily focused on?
小额贷款主要关注什么概念？
Offering small loans to underprivileged individuals for various purposes.
为各种目的向贫困人口提供小额贷款。

4. What achievement is Muhammad Yunus most recognized for? 穆罕默德·尤努斯最受认可的成就是什么？
Receiving the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in microlending. 因其在小额贷款方面的工作而获得诺贝尔和平奖。

5. According to the text, why are business schools including social entrepreneurship in their programs? 根据文本，为什么商学院将社会创业纳入其课程中？
Students want to use business skills to make a positive societal impact. 学生希望利用商业技能产生积极的社会影响。