力與壓力
現象 |
公式 |
應用 |
力會改變形狀(或運動狀態) |
彈簧長度變化∝力的大小 |
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摩擦力會防止物體滑動 |
正向力∝最大靜摩擦力(止滑) |
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力作用在平面上造成壓力 |
壓力=力/面積 |
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物體泡在液體會受到液體壓力 |
液體壓力=液體密度x深度 |
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物體泡在液體會受到向上的浮力 |
浮力=沉入體積x液體密度 |
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浮力
浮力的定義
液體向上支撐物體的力(物體泡到液體)
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基本計算:力平衡的方式計算
1.浮體:浮力=重力
2.潛體:浮力=重力
3.沉體:浮力=重力-支撐力
<註>物體質量=體積x密度(國二上)
<註>物體密度大於液體,則下沉;密度小於液體,則上浮(國二上)
浮力的公式
浮力受兩個因素影響:物體沉入體積、液體密度
物體沉入體積越多,浮力越大 EX:浮板飄在水上vs浮板壓進水中
液體本身密度越大,浮力越強 EX:浮板壓進水中vs浮板壓進鹽海
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浮力公式:浮力=沉入體積x液體密度
浮力=沉入體積x液體密度
<註>沉入體積=排開液體體積(國二上)
浮力=排開液體體積x液體密度=排開液體重量
浮力的統整與應用
統整
浮力定義:液體向上支撐物體的力(物體泡到液體) *減輕
一個主要公式:浮力=沉入體積x液體密度 *排開液體重
兩個主要情況:
浮體:浮體的物重=浮力 沉體:沉體的體積=沉入體積
應用
質量50g、體積100cm3物體浮於水(密度1g/cm3),求以下空白處之物理量
(浮力、沉入體積、物體密度)
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質量20g、體積5cm3物體沉入液體(密度2g/cm3),求以下空白處之物理量
(浮力、沉入體積、物體密度)
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質量100g、密度0.5g/cm3的球沉入水(1g/cm3)中,求以下空白處之物理量以及球泡在水面下的比例
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浮體泡在水面下的比例=浮體密度/液體密度
沉入體積x液體密度=浮體體積x浮體密度
沉入體積/浮體體積=浮體密度/液體密度
密度2g/cm3的物體泡入水(1g/cm3)中彈簧秤顯示減輕10gw,求空白處之物理量
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浮力=液體向上支撐物體的力(物體泡到液體)=物體減輕重量
密度2g/cm3的物體投入密度0.5g/cm3的液體中,液體排開了100g,求空白處之物理量
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浮力=沉入體積x液體密度=排開液體體積x液體密度=排開液體重
補充:沉船時,浮力變(大/小),物體沉入體積或液體排開體積變(大/小) * 易錯
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補充:比較誰的浮力大
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補充:浮力=沉入體積x液體密度 浮力變化=沉入體積變化x液體密度
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