# __CHFI Module 01~03 課程共筆__ :::success ## 教材區 - [**教材**](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1QBTpzrowspTHIbweXdoKWZL9x5mOOC3A) - [**工具**](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1A7TM9H5qHQCmQ4dULzmzW5U9APv4WXme?usp=sharing) - [01~03課程共筆](https://hackmd.io/cWmT8NaFRzubo7CVOg1KxQ) - [04~06課程共筆](https://hackmd.io/-PS9hnBOTc6wo-sz5RolKQ) - [07~14課程共筆](https://hackmd.io/mqAL1L1ZRdiG1PmObPanCg) - [LAB](https://hackmd.io/j9GzjYJlR6GmozF6sNtEWQ) ::: ## Module 01 Computer Forensics in Today's World :::info ### __Forensic Science__ - 系統化 - 可重複 - 可再現 - 可檢驗 - Evidence 證據 - 電腦鑑識 → 將符合證據的東西找出來 [一元哥新聞](https://udn.com/news/story/7321/3862282) ::: :::success ### **Cybercrimes** 類型 - 電腦犯罪→電腦為標的 - 電腦輔助犯罪→電腦為工具 ![](https://d2mxuefqeaa7sj.cloudfront.net/s_571F3CA9A18C655E2860E3144A45D4550E6B1B2EBF920C6A9A42070813C65EBB_1506134957733_file.png) - Internal Attacks - Espionage 商業間諜 - Theft of Intellectual Property 智慧財產的偷竊 - Manipulation of the records 竄改紀錄 - External Attacks - SQL attack - brute ::: :::warning ### **Challenges 現今網路犯罪的挑戰** - Speed 速度快 - APT38 北韓網軍 Lazarus - Western Union 西聯匯款 (錢出的去回不來 匿名匯款 - Anonymity 匿名性高->追查困難 - Volatile nature of evidence 證據的可揮發性(隨著時間與狀態的改變,證據會消失,ex.記憶體) - Evidence Size and Complexity 證據的大小與複雜性 - Anti-Digital Forensics(ADF) 反鑑識的技術 - **sdelete.exe** → 專業滅證工具 (微軟內建刪除功能) - [一銀案件](https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/107136) - Windows Sysinternals - Global origin and difference in laws 各國法律不同 - Limited legal understanding 對法律理解的不完備 ::: :::success ### **Investigation 犯罪調查(考試會考)** - civil 民事 - 侵權行為 - Criminal 刑事 - 妨害電腦使用罪 刑法第36章 - Administrative 行政類、監管類 - 監管機構或政府對於管理以及表現的事實調查證明 - non criminal in nature - 本質上不可涉及到刑事案件 - Violation of organization's policies, rules, or protocols 違反組織內部條例 - Resources misuse 濫用公司資源 - Threatening or violent behavior 威脅或者暴力行爲 - improper promotion or pay rise 不當升職調薪 ::: :::info ### **鑑識調查規定Rules of Forensics Investigation** ![](https://i.imgur.com/g5yNAyh.jpg) - Integrity 完整性 - 不可以有僞證 - 有變動要記錄(保留完整性) - **==Chain of custody 保管鏈==**(法務部的區塊鏈Block Chain)→有考必選 - ISO 27035 業界標準 事件管理標準 - jurisdiction standard 管理司法管轄權 ::: :::success ### **Locard's Exchange Principle 羅卡的交換原則** 行為人(犯罪嫌疑者)必然會帶走一些東西,亦會留下一些東西 ![羅卡原則:當事人一定會在現場留下一些甚麼和帶走一些甚麼](https://d2mxuefqeaa7sj.cloudfront.net/s_571F3CA9A18C655E2860E3144A45D4550E6B1B2EBF920C6A9A42070813C65EBB_1506138486549_file.png) ::: :::info ### **Types of Digital Evidence** - Volatile Data - 時間電量 隨著時間以及電量的流逝,資料會消失 - Primary Storage(第一儲存區) cache、RAM記憶體 - Non-volatile Data - Secondary storage (Hard Disk) ::: :::warning ### **Characteristics of Digital Evidence** ![](https://i.imgur.com/lSFBwmB.jpg) - Admissible 可採證性 (related to the fact) - Authentic 真實性 - Complete 完整性 (integrity) - Reliable 可靠性 (no doubt) - Believable 可信度 (clear, understandable) - 比如在專業議題上給與專業建議使人相信 ::: :::success ### **Sources of Potential Evidence** ![](https://i.imgur.com/R2jdWeA.jpg) - 使用者建立的檔案(User-Created Files使用者陳述)->基本上不成證據 - 資料庫 - 影音 - 檔案 - 網路書簽以及我的最愛 - 使用者保護的資料(User-Protected Files使用者保護檔案) - 加密檔案(有加密技術問題)(找密碼找key金鑰) - 壓縮檔案 - 更名檔案 - 密碼保護檔案 - 隱藏檔案 - 影像加密檔案 - 電腦創造的資料(Computer-Protected Files電腦產生證據) - 原則上成證 - 但凡有原則必有例外 - ISO 27001→CEH會考 ::: :::info ### Rules of Evidence - 在中華民國就跟刑事訴訟法有關 - 列出所有跟證據有關的法律要求(偏向原則性) - 不符合就不構成證據 - Best Evidence Rule 最佳證物法則 - Prevent alteration of digital evidence(intentionally or unintentionally) - 證據最重要的就是完整性 - 除以下三種條件外,須交付原始證據 - Original evidence is destroyed due to fire and flood - Original evidence is destroyed in the normal course of business - Original evidenceis in possession ofa third party - FROE(Federal ROE) 聯邦證物法則 (考呦) - Hearsay Rule 傳聞證據法則 Rule 803-6. Hearsay Exceptions(傳聞是不成證明的) ::: :::success ### Privacy Issue - Fourth Amendment(第四修正案) - a person has a reasionable expectation of privacy - 人具備對自我隱私的合理期待,不可受到無令的搜索 - 例外:private intrusions (私人入侵)->徵信社(找到證據比罰點錢還重要) - 第四修正案局限在政府等公權力 - 第五修正案→人不需要證明己罪 ::: :::warning ### 電腦鑑識相關資源 - [線上資源](https://www.dropbox.com/s/hhenumw0w2jqfyn/Computer%20Forensics%20Resources.txt?dl=0) - Forensics Sciences - ForensicsWiki (ex. data carving) - Forensics Focus ::: ## Module 02 Computer Forensics Investigation Process 鑑識流程 :::info ### Phase 1 - pre-investigation 建置鑑識調查的實驗室(6) ![](https://i.imgur.com/c8iLf4B.jpg) - 1.規劃及預算 - 2.地理位置和建築結構的考量 ![](https://i.imgur.com/wGxdKCs.jpg) - 3.辦公環境規劃(Ambience of Lab) - 4.實體安全 - 鑑識實驗室(one entrance 單一出入口) - 窗戶緊閉 - 訪客登記 - 電子紀錄 - 警報系統 - 警衛 - 閉路電視 Closed-Circuit Camera - 消防 - 氣體式滅火 Gas Suppression Systems(**FM200**) - 灑水滅火 Water Suppresion Systems - 濕管 - 乾管 - 預動式→火災發生當下才動 - 鎖具(保護證據) - 稽核(Audit) - 5.人員管理 - 6.建置鑑識工作站→實驗室認證 - ISO/IEC 17025 認證 - 一般的實驗室也在這個認證範疇 - ASCLD/LAB 認證 - ASCLD for人 - ASCL LAB for實驗室 - 鑑識實驗室 ::: :::danger #### Forensic Laws - 18 USC §1029 : **Fraud** and related activity in connection with **access devices** - 18 USC §1030 : Fraud and related activity in connection with **computers** #### Quality Assurance - QC (Quality Control) 品質管制 - QA (Quality Assurance) 品質保證→有效性/信心 - validity testing - 調查報告 Investigative reports must be under administrative - technical review - NIST(National of Standards and Technology美國國家技術研究院) 驗證工具有效性 - CFTT(Computer Forensics Tool Testing Project)工具的可用性 #### Management System - Certification(驗證) - 規格 - 要求 - Accreditation(認證)→認可 (考試會考喲) ![](https://i.imgur.com/9Wfo5Xz.jpg) - ISO/IEC 17025 認證 - 一般的實驗室也在這個認證範疇 - ASCLD/LAB 認證 - ASCLD for人 - ASCL LAB for實驗室 - 鑑識實驗室 #### Data Destruction 資料銷毀程度 - American : DoD 5220.22-M - German : VSITR - 寫0寫1寫亂數 #### Risk Management Matrix ![](https://i.imgur.com/nx0MTYO.jpg) ::: :::success ### Phase 2 - Investigation(6) - 調查要點 - 設定目標 → Hypothesis 假設 → 設計實驗 → 選擇工具 → 評估結果 → 做結論 ![](https://i.imgur.com/OEYTlvA.jpg) - First Response 緊急應變 - First Responder - network administrator - law enforcement officer - investigating officer - Role of First Responder - 保留可揮發性證據 - - Incident ![](https://i.imgur.com/6pZ08Yq.jpg) - System administrator 網管人員 - Report according to the current organizational incident reporting procedures - Non-forensic Staff 執法人員 - 證據保存 - Lab Forensic Staff 鑑識人員 - 事件釐清 - Common Mistakes - 關機又開機(關了就關了,不要再打開) - 假設電腦設備式穩定可用的 - 不按照標準作業流程 - 沒有紀錄採證流程 - Search and Seizure 搜索與扣押 - Electronic Storage Device Search Warrant - hardware - software - storage device - documentation - Service Provider Search Warrant - service records - billing records - subscriber information - Searches Without a Warrant - 現行犯 - 逮捕 - Collect the Evidence 資料採證 - 實體證據 ![](https://i.imgur.com/OKR7TmX.jpg) - Dealing with Computers - 開機的電腦 - 在行動前請三思 - 記憶體採證(困難,沒技術),可以改找pagefile和swapfile - 如果電腦在螢幕保護程式,要慢慢移動滑鼠去執行動作,並拍照記錄畫面 - 關機的電腦 - 如果是電腦關著就不要打開 - 如果是螢幕關著,把螢幕打開,輕輕移動滑鼠 - 幫螢幕拍張照 - 切斷網路(視情況,測錄封包) - Shutdown - Unplug the power cord - 直接斷電 - 筆電拔電池 - Secure the Evidence 證據保留 - **Chain of Custody** -> 搜索 -> 扣押 -> 運送 -> 存放 -> 分析 的過程中證據未被變動,每個環節都要記錄 - For 證據的完整性 - Exhibit Numbering 編號 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZUqAL6O.jpg) - aaa 鑑識人員編號 - ddmmyy 日期 - nnnn 序號 - zz 流水號 - Data Acquistion 資料擷取 - Principle ![](https://i.imgur.com/utmJhQs.jpg) - Copy Data Procedure ![](https://paper.dropbox.com/ep/redirect/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpaper-attachments.dropbox.com%2Fs_E110B599C4E903F54DB3A3F285241CC55492F4E60883239F6EE1D1DEB9DA3799_1506156812400_.jpg&hmac=HzDyB0pDv5NF82xxtRV1MT1biLwyyaJXgnNSynxsc4A%3D) - Original Evidence (封存) - Tool#1 -> Working Copy (作業用) - Tool#2 -> Backup Copy (還原用) - Verify Image Integrity - Tools: HashCalc, MD5 Calculator, HashMyFiles - Data Analysis 資料分析 ::: :::warning ### Phase 3 - Post-investigation(3) ![](https://i.imgur.com/thieqlF.jpg) - Evidence Assessment 證據評估 - Documentation and Reporting - Testify as an Expert Wutness ::: ## Module 03 Understanding Hard Disk and File Systems 瞭解硬碟以及檔案系統 :::danger ### 磁碟機 - Overview - HDD 傳統硬碟 - SSD 固態硬碟 - NAND-based flash memory - Volatile RAM - Physical Structure of a Hard Disk ![](https://i.imgur.com/pEaXlqv.jpg) - Platters 圓盤 - Head 讀寫頭 - Spindle 轉軸 ![](https://i.imgur.com/fUpcjAJ.png) - Cylinder 圓筒(每個盤面同一位置的磁軌) - Track 磁軌 - Cluster 叢集(最小邏輯儲存單位) - Sector 磁區(最小實體儲存單位) ![](https://i.imgur.com/xKVp49f.jpg) - Logical Structure of a Hard Disk ![](https://i.imgur.com/ns8Mype.jpg) - Interface 硬碟介面 - | 串列 | 序列 | | --- | ---| | ATA | Serial ATA(SATA)| | SCSI | Serial Attacked SCSI| ![](https://i.imgur.com/3ODka2A.jpg) - USB ![](https://i.imgur.com/BK6WcIn.jpg) - Fibre Channel - point to point, bidirectional, high speed(16 Gbps) ![](https://i.imgur.com/WtF3Fq4.jpg) - Units - Tracks - 圓盤上的同心圓 ![](https://i.imgur.com/5GeuuSF.jpg) - Sector - Smallest **physical** storage unit - 通常大小為 512 bytes - AF(Advanced Format)格式 4096 bytes - 一個Sector裡會有一些額外的資訊 - ID Information - Synchronization fields - Data - ECC: Ensure the integrity - Gaps: Spaces used to provide time for the controller to continue the read process ![](https://i.imgur.com/JjlMRgj.jpg) - Clusters ![](https://i.imgur.com/fmZ7Xup.jpg) - Parted 愈大 Cluster 愈大 - NTFS為什麼有效率? - Ans:格式化當下,Cluster大小可以跟Parted大小可以分開 - Slack Space 已配置的空間中剩下的部分 ![](https://i.imgur.com/YuwsCtx.jpg) - Lost Clusters - OS視為已用但實際上並沒有存放data - Logical Structure Error - Usually because of interrupted file activities - CHKDSK (Windows指令,用來尋找遺失Clusters,修正邏輯錯誤) - Bad Sectors OS標示為故障(unusable)的磁區,作業系統不會檢查,放病毒!!! - Bit, Nibble(4 bits), Byte(8 bits) - Data Addressing - CHS(Cylinder-Header-Sector) - used on most IDE drives - LBA(Logical Block Address) 把磁區用序號編碼 - used on SCSI and EIDE drives - Data Density - Track density - Areal density - Bit density - zoned bit recording(ZBR) - 讓磁碟空間更有效運用 -磁區切割為扇形,相同面積下可以塞較多資料 - Capacity ![](https://i.imgur.com/Atz4uO0.png) - IEC Standard - 1kibi = 1024 - 1k = 1000 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Q9h3kcM.png) ::: :::success ### 分割區(裏面不同的空間) - 分割系統(支援不同firmware) |分割系統 | MBR|GPT| |:----: |:---:|:---:| |韌體類型 | BIOS | EFI/UEFI | |可分割數量 | 4 | 128 | - MBR Partition System - Primary Partition(4) - Extended Partition(1,Logical drive(infinite)) - (Disk Editor 去看) > dd 指令 > - if=src > - of=dst > ![](https://i.imgur.com/hFyFXG0.png) - MBR Code: 一小段碼,在系統開機時load 進BIOS - Table of Primary Partitions(4x16=64bytes) ![](https://i.imgur.com/4UH56Pt.jpg) - 0x00 - 0x01-0x03 : First Sector 起始磁區(CHS) - 0x04 : 分割區類型(檔案系統ID, e.g. 07=IFS/HPFS/NTFS/exFAT) - [Partition Type wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_type) - ![](https://i.imgur.com/70xBwtP.png) - 0x05-0x07 : Last Sector 結束磁區(CHS) - 0x08-0x0B : First Sector - Logical block address(LBA) - 0x0C-0X0F : 分割區長度(4bytes=32bits → 定址上限 2^32^ = 40億 Sectors) - MBR Signature (0xAA55) > **Big Endian**(0xAA55): High byte → Low byte (RISC: ARM) > **Little Endian**(0x55AA): Low byte → High byte (CISC: x86) - PBR/VBR 記載磁碟資訊 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Ut57I6n.png) - GPT Partition ![](https://i.imgur.com/bRysrjE.jpg) > GUID(Global Unique Identifier) - 128bits unique reference numbers → 32 hex numbers - LBA0 放 protective MBR → Sector 0 會保留下來(為了相容MBR) - GPT Header(512 bytes) ![](https://i.imgur.com/apLBmj8.jpg) - GPT Entry(128 bytes) ![](https://i.imgur.com/459EsFN.jpg) ## [LAB 1 - Disk Editor](https://hackmd.io/j9GzjYJlR6GmozF6sNtEWQ?view#LAB-1-Disk-Editor) 一個磁區512byte,offset=磁區 x 512bytes - HPA(Hosted Protected Area)/DCO(Device Configuration Overlays) [HPA wiki](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F) - 電腦廠商不希望user開啓但需要存在的隱藏磁碟區(HPA/DCO) ::: :::warning ### 開機流程 - ==Types of Booting==(Important) - Cold → start from poweroff - Warm → restart a poweron computer - Windows Boot Process - BIOS-MBR ![](https://i.imgur.com/5rRulf2.jpg) - cmd(系統管理員) → bcdedit 可查看及修改Windows參數 - SMSS.EXE → GUI - UEFI ![](https://i.imgur.com/OjKOjz8.jpg) - GPT Artifacts - Case1: MBR repartitioned/ Convert to GPT → Sector Zero will be overwrite by protective MBR 得直接去磁區裡找資料 - Case2: GPT repartitioned/ Convert to MBR → remain - Linux Boot Process ![](https://i.imgur.com/SZi99jA.jpg) - OS (User/kernel/Bootloader) → FN → HW ::: :::info ### 檔案系統 File System (基於功能去裝潢) #### Windows File System - File Allocation Table (以文字檔存資料) - FAT12 → FAT16 → FAT32 → exFAT(FAT64) - PBR/VBR → FAT1 → FAT2 → DATA叢集 (FAT2為FAT1備份) - Partition Boot Record(PBR) ![](https://i.imgur.com/0rV4KL7.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/D1FXwiP.png) Metadata->後設資料(檔名、屬性、大小) - Root Directory Entry - 一筆 32 bytes ![](https://i.imgur.com/GzKCQnz.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/2DvsZUD.jpg) - offset 0x00: 0x00 or 0xE5(rename or delete) - rename 流程: Copy 檔案紀錄到新的檔案紀錄,原檔案紀錄標示E5 - permanently delete(shift + delete): 標示E5 - delete(delete) = 把檔案移到垃圾筒(move) - FAT undelete - 1.修好FAT表 > 2.改Root Directory Entry(檔名要是大寫) - 檔名的第一個字救不回來 - offset 00-10 (11bytes): 記錄短檔名(8+3) - 長檔名設有短檔名 (8+3檔名: 檔案前六個字 + ~(數字) + 副檔名) - cmd: dir /x 顯示短檔名 - 儲存長檔名 ![](https://i.imgur.com/pNetzh2.jpg) ![](https://i.imgur.com/51lFgk5.png) ## [LAB 2 - FAT File Undelete](https://hackmd.io/j9GzjYJlR6GmozF6sNtEWQ?view#LAB-2---FAT-File-Undelete) - New Technology File System (類似非結構式資料庫) - 特色 - performance - reliability,disk space utilization - file system journaling 日誌式 - 叢集大小不必跟分隔區成正比 → NTFS較有效率的原因 - System Files - OS <-> NTFS <-> Disk ![](https://i.imgur.com/xstirFP.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/a5vrITQ.png) - $logfile : 日誌 - $mft(Master File Table) $mftmirr : Directory Entry(Contain the record of every files) ![](https://i.imgur.com/UMkFDqB.png) - 磁區開頭為FILE0(每兩個磁區出現一次FILE0) - 一筆mft紀錄大小為1K - B-Tree Structure - flags: ![](https://i.imgur.com/Q2DmNRQ.png) - in use 檔案是否存在 - Directory - $10 : Standard Information(time stamp 時間戳記 → MAC (Modify/Access/Create)/Record Change |檔案系統| 修改 | 存取 | 建立 | Record Change | |:----:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| |FAT|M|A|C|n/a| |NTFS|M|A|Born|C| ![](https://i.imgur.com/1fCs7jE.png) - $30 : File Name ![](https://i.imgur.com/xsbxDIP.png) - 可存在超過一個檔名(短檔名、完整檔名) - $80 : Data ![](https://i.imgur.com/g0QiLfy.png) 同一檔案名稱可以放一個以上的資料 - Alternate Data Streams(ADS) - notepad hihi.txt:yy.txt - hihi.txt - yy.txt - ... - 兩筆$80 - dir /r - $100 : Encryption - EFS Attribute ![](https://i.imgur.com/UuRv0ni.png) - 小檔案 ![](https://i.imgur.com/5Kt0Je1.png) - Data 會存在 MFT 裡,所以Size on disk = 0 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZLhAFWW.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/JUFrNKy.jpg) - 多塞幾個A ![](https://i.imgur.com/3JTv6Ql.png) - 壓縮與加密 - 檔案壓縮(藍色) -> 為磁區層級的分片以及重新編碼## - 檔案加密EFS(綠色) -> 為磁區層級的加密,從磁區存取時是密文 - Sparse File 微量檔案 #### Linux File System - File System Hierarchy Standard(FHS) ![](https://i.imgur.com/hrT43PN.png) - /bin 必要指令 - /sbin required for working - /usr Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data - /opt 最不需要、額外的應用程式 - Extended File System(EXT2、3、4) - EXT2 File System (一般的傳統檔案系統) - Block Group ![](https://i.imgur.com/NRbMvk2.png) - Block bit map → Data blocks - Inode bit map → Inode table - EXT3 File System (日誌式) - journaling version(EXT3~) - EXT4 File System - 增強版EXT3 #### MAC OS X File Systems - Categories - Hierarchical File System (HFS) - **HFS Plus** - Journal based - UNIX File System (UFS) - APFS -> SSD唯一的選擇 - ZFS #### CD-ROM/DVD - File System - Compact Disc File System (CDFS) - Universal Disk Format (UDF) - ISO 13490 with multisession support(音軌+資料軌並行) - VFS #### RAID - RAID 0 ![](https://i.imgur.com/1rdy0Eu.png) - for I/O performance - does not provide data redundancy - minimum two drives - RAID 1 ![](https://i.imgur.com/wEjSYup.png) - Mirroring(備份用) - two disks are identical - 成本高 - RAID 2(無於商業環境實踐過) ![](https://i.imgur.com/QrwFkaC.png) - Error Connecting codeECC - RAID 3 ![](https://i.imgur.com/EXzi3gd.png) - data stripping and dedicated parity - **Byte Level** - 可容錯 - RAID 4 - 跟RAID 3一樣(差在不同level) - **Block Level** - 效能較RAID 3好 - RAID 5 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Ql8q0uu.png) - 每次寫入時parity disk都會換人當 - RAID 10 or Mirrored Striping - 兩個RAID 1 做 Mirrored Striping ### HPA/DCO 資料隱藏 ::: :::warning ### 檔案系統分析 [HxD](https://mh-nexus.de/en/downloads.php?product=HxD20) - 編碼 - ascii - unicode - Byte Order Mark(FE FF) - Little Endian ![](https://i.imgur.com/asgipQ8.png) - Big Endian ![](https://i.imgur.com/dNCjqQE.png) - UTF-8 (EF BB BF) ![](https://i.imgur.com/SQ34ywO.png) - UTF16 - BOM是微軟系統特有,歷史共業 - File Carving - recover files and fragments of files - 不需紀錄(無法得到,記錄在磁碟中其他位置) 暴力解 - File 結構 - Start : [**File Signature**](https://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html)(Magic Number) - Header - Data - End : Trailer - Trailer address - File signature address + 1 = File size(可利用來找到整個檔案的内容) - Tool : [**Photorec**](https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec) - 支援一百多種檔案類型 - free / whole ## [LAB 3 - File Carving](https://hackmd.io/j9GzjYJlR6GmozF6sNtEWQ?view#LAB-3---File-Carving) ## [LAB 4 - PhotoRec](https://hackmd.io/j9GzjYJlR6GmozF6sNtEWQ?view#LAB-4---Photorec) ## [LAB 5 - Honeynet_Q](https://hackmd.io/j9GzjYJlR6GmozF6sNtEWQ?view#LAB-5---Honeynet_Q) ### 檔案格式 (Hex 檔頭) - JPG (FF D8 FF ... FF D9) ![](https://i.imgur.com/yXZCuDM.png) - BMP (42 4D) ![](https://i.imgur.com/asnDAis.png) - GIF (47 49 46 38) ![](https://i.imgur.com/9vHrPmn.png) - 256 colors - PNG (89 50 4E 47) - 為取代GIF TIFF ![](https://i.imgur.com/DZVru9v.png) - word - Binary File format - .doc**x**, .ppt**x** -> **X**ML in zip(PK) - Remove ReadOnly Setting ![](https://i.imgur.com/7pqvCiF.png) - [File signatures](https://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html) - tools : - Autopsy (framework 等級的鑑識工具) - The Sleuth Kit (+介面 => Autopsy) ::: ## [Module 04~06](https://hackmd.io/-PS9hnBOTc6wo-sz5RolKQ?both) # **聊天室** >------------------------------------------------- >第二天要開始了 >唐牛想多了 >開始鄙視 >恆逸教office的老師表示 >3.47秒... >以分鐘為單位 哈哈 >承憲挑戰以小時為單位 >他挑戰的應該是別的 >老師懂的 >他練習很久了 >真好,有練習的對象 >玄學 >真的是玄學 >他發現國軍的操作了 >蕭蕭都可以去資電部 >當然是玄學 >好酸啊 XD >我只聽過LBJ >LBJ 劉寳捷 >唐牛逼 >唐牛怒了 > >------------------------------------------------------ >糟了 不懂[**凱燕**](https://autos.udn.com/autos/story/7825/3068237)是啥車 >原來是porsche >10 km /l >還好嘛 >https://www.ettoday.net/news/20180119/1096737.htm >買不起凱燕可以買眾泰 >漫威宇宙都來了 >黑鳳凰 >畫面帶一下哦 >開嘴 >看到鬼 >我笑了 >————————————————— >歐巴馬 >混音高手唐牛 >哈哈 >開始嘴了 >JJ >selfie >還真講不出來 >老唐又開始了