---
# System prepended metadata

title: Data Provider

---


## Refinitiv

### Historical Data

Documentaion: [Refinitiv Data Library for Python Documentation](https://cdn.refinitiv.com/public/rd-lib-python-doc/1.0.0.0/book/en/index.html)

#### Python API: get_history()

##### Parameters
- **universe**: Single instrument or list of instruments to request.
- **fields**: Single field or list of fields to request.
- **interval**: Data sampling interval.
    - supported values:  tick, tas, taq, minute, 1min, 5min, 10min, 30min, 60min, hourly, 1h, daily, 1d, 1D, 7D, 7d, weekly, 1W, monthly, 1M, quarterly, 3M, 6M, yearly, 1Y
- **start**: The start date and timestamp of the requested history.
- **end**: The end date and timestamp of the requested history.
- **adjustment**
- **count**: The maximum number of data points returned.

##### Returned value
A pandas.DataFrame with fields in columns and instruments as row index.

##### Examples
1. The following example demonstrates the last 5 ticks of historical pricing data:
```
import refinitiv.data as rd

# open session
rd.open_session()

df = rd.get_history(
    universe="GOOG.O",
    fields=["BID", "ASK"],
    interval="tick",
    count=5
)
print(df)

# close session
rd.close_session()
```
Output:
```
GOOG.O                      BID     ASK
Timestamp                              
2022-08-11 22:30:22.567  119.90  120.16
2022-08-11 22:31:02.653  119.90  120.16
2022-08-11 22:31:11.701  119.88  120.16
2022-08-11 22:31:11.749  119.90  120.16
2022-08-11 22:31:22.840  119.90  120.16
```

2. The following example demonstrate the OHLC bar given the data and resampling time.
```
df=rd.get_history(universe="GOOG.O", fields=['BID','ASK'], interval="tick", count=2000)
df.ohlc("5s")
```
Output:
```
GOOG.O	                                BID	                        ASK
                               open	high	low	close	open	high	low	close
Timestamp								
2022-04-05 08:12:05+00:00	2869.57	2869.57	2869.57	2869.57	2882.2	2882.2	2881.4	2881.40
2022-04-05 08:12:10+00:00	2868.90	2870.07	2868.90	2870.07	2881.4	2882.2	2881.4	2881.40
2022-04-05 08:12:15+00:00	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
2022-04-05 08:12:20+00:00	2868.90	2870.97	2868.90	2869.07	2881.4	2881.4	2881.4	2881.40
2022-04-05 08:12:25+00:00	2869.07	2870.07	2868.90	2870.07	2881.4	2881.4	2881.4	2881.40
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2022-04-05 09:25:00+00:00	2870.01	2870.01	2870.01	2870.01	2880.0	2888.0	2880.0	2886.92
2022-04-05 09:25:05+00:00	2870.01	2870.01	2870.01	2870.01	2888.0	2888.0	2880.5	2885.00
2022-04-05 09:25:10+00:00	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
2022-04-05 09:25:15+00:00	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
2022-04-05 09:25:20+00:00	2870.01	2870.01	2870.01	2870.01	2880.0	2883.0	2880.0	2883.00
```

More examples can be found [Access Layer Examples](https://github.com/LSEG-API-Samples/Example.DataLibrary.Python/blob/main/Examples/1-Access/EX-1.01.02-GetHistory.ipynb) and [Content Layer Examples](https://github.com/LSEG-API-Samples/Example.DataLibrary.Python/blob/main/Examples/2-Content/2.01-HistoricalPricing/EX-2.01.01-HistoricalPricing.ipynb)

## Bloomberg

### Historical Data

Bloomberg's data is based on [examples in Core Develper Guide](https://data.bloomberglp.com/professional/sites/10/2017/03/BLPAPI-Core-Developer-Guide.pdf).
[Bloomberg Python API](https://github.com/msitt/blpapi-python/tree/master)

#### Reference Data Service
The reference data service provides the ability to access the following Bloomberg data with the Request/Response
paradigm:
- **Reference Data (ReferenceDataRequests)**: Provides the current value of a security/field pair.
- **Historical End-of-Day Data (HistoricalDataRequest)**: Provides end-of-day data over a defined period of time for a security/field pair.
- **Historical Intraday Tick Data (IntradayTickRequests)**: Provides each tick over a defined period of time for a single security and one or more Event types.
- **Historical Intraday Bar Data (IntradayBarRequests)**: Provides a series of intraday summaries over a defined period of time for a single security and Event type.
- 
## Factset



## Comparison

<table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th></th>
            <th>Bloomberg Terminal</th>
            <th>Bloomberg B-PIPE</th>
            <th>Bloomberg Data License</th>
            <th>Refinitiv</th>
            <th>FactSet</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>Pricing</td>
            <td>$30000/year</td>
            <td>>$8500/month</td>
            <td>以欄位計價</td>
            <td>$22,000/year</td>
            <td>$12,000/year</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Content</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>real-time streaming data, ...</td>
            <td>historical data, snapshot, reference data, foundamental data, ...</td>
            <td>historical data (Request/Response), real-time streaming data (Subscription), ...</td>
            <td></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Language</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>C++, Python, ...</td>
            <td>C++, Python, ...</td>
            <td>C++ (Refinitiv Real-Time C++ SDK), Python (Refinitiv Data Library for Python), ...</td>
            <td></td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>


## Questions

### Bloomberg
1. [Market Data](https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/product/market-data/)及[Reference Data](https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/product/reference-data/)等，是否有越南，印尼，以及馬來西亞的歷史及即時資料?不同國家資料是否有normalized?
2. 是否有提供下單的服務?
3. 是否有rate limit?
4. ~~是否有行情表或Contract Info? (以日期及國家為單位，e.g.可一次query/request取得2023/11/07越南的各商品資料)~~
5. Reference Data (historical pricing data, dividends, or maturity dates, etc.)是否可以以日期及國家為單位去做request，e.g.可一次query/request取得2023/11/07越南的各商品的相關資料
6. license是否一定包含terminal，若不需要terminal（只需要data的部分），價格是否有便宜？一個license是否限定同時只有一個user可以使用？
7. 

## Reference
- [Pricing Comparison](https://www.wallstreetprep.com/knowledge/bloomberg-vs-capital-iq-vs-factset-vs-thomson-reuters-eikon/)

