###### tags: Python
# Fundamental Data Types
int = Interger
print(bin(5))
print(int('0b101', 2))
float = Floating Point Number
complex = rarely use
bool
list
tuple
set
dict
str
* general_string = 'hi hello there 24!'
* long_string = '''

'''
## String Concatenation
'hello' + ' Tihe'

## Classes -> custom types
## Specialized Data Types
## Math Function

## Variables
snake_case(using _ not space)
case sensitive
keywords(highlited in blue) can't be used as variables

## Constants
`PI = 3.14` not supposed to change or losing the meaning of constants
`__` prevent to use double underscores to name a variable

## Expression & Statement
iq = 100
100 is an expression
iq = 100 is a statement

## Augmented Assignment Operator

some_value = 5
some_value = some_value + 2
some_value += 2(neater)

## Type Conversion

a = str(100)
b = int(100)
c = type(b)
print(c)

## Escape Sequence
`weather = '\tIt\'s \"kind of\" sunny\nhope you enjoy your day!'`
\t add a Tab
\n add a Line

## Formatted strings
- python3

name = 'Johnny'
age = 55
print(f'hi {name}. You are {age} years old')

- python2
`print('hi {}. You are {} years old'.format(name, age))`

## String indexs

selfish = '01234567'
print(selfish[start:stop:stepover])
print(selfish[0])
print(selfish[0:2])
print(selfish[1:])
print(selfish[:5])
print(selfish[::1])
print(selfish[-2])
print(selfish[::-1])
selfish[0] = 'z' - immutable

## List Slicing

amazon_cart = [
'notebooks',
'sunglasses',
'toys',
'grapes'
]
amazon_cart[0] = 'laptop' - mutable
print(amazon_cart[0::2])

new_cart = amazon_cart (dynamic change)
new_cart = amazon_cart[:] (copy the value)

## Matrix - machine learning, image processing
matrix = [
[1,2,3],
[2,4,6],
[7,8,9]
]

## List Method
- adding
basket = [1,2,3,4,5]
new_list = basket.append(100) - only put 100 to the end in memory of basket not creat a new memory
append(index)
insert()
extend()
- remove
pop(index)
remove()
clean()

## List Unpacking
a,b,c, *other, d=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

## Dictionary (key-value) -not in order

dictionary = {
'a': [1,2,3],
'b': 'hello',
'x': True
}
print(dictionary.get('age', 55)) -if age is none creat 'age': 55
user = dict(name='Jojo')

## Tuple -immutable
my_tuple = (1,2,3,4,5)

user = {
(coordinate):[1,2,3] -(1)is tupple
}

## Set-not in order

my_set = {1,2,3,4,5,5}
print(my_set)
result:1,2,3,4,5
print(my_set[0])
result:Error

## Data Structures