# LETI Section III Curricular Only

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**1c) What is a Divisional?**

A divisional is a drill formation of 4x4. Rows are referred to as ranks and there should be one stud of space between everyone. When in the divisional, the "Dress" command indicates that the last person in the divisional should move to fill a gap to minimize movement.

**2C) What is 10-8 and 10-9?**

10-8 means going into service. 10-9 means going out of service.

**3C) What is 10-7?**

10-7 means currently unavailable. An example would be returning to jurisdiction.

**4C) List and explain the equipment used by peace officers**

A radio is used for communication between public servants in New Haven County. The TI26 is an electronic control device used to immobilize fleeing or non compliant individuals. The telescopic baton is used for situation control and breaking windows in order to search vehicles. Flashlights are used for signalling and seeing in the dark. The B17 is a firearm used for self-defense. The Hawthorn 500 is a shotgun used for close quarters combat that is capable of threat neutralization in one to two shots. The Delino R21A is a deadly automatic rifle that is used for precision shooting and long-range combat. Finally, the radar gun is used for speed enforcement and uses red text to signal excessive speeds.

**5C) What is 10-58 and 10-32?**

10-58 is used when an officer requires emergency/immediate backup. 10-32 is when an officer requires non-immediate backup.

**6C) How would you say you are going on-duty over the radio?**

[CALLSIGN] 10-8 [JURISDICTION] - You would transmit this over the GLOBAL radio channel, and include your callsign and your jurisdiction. Examples of the jurisdiction include "Plymouth", "Lander", "S/W", and "C/W".

**7C) What is the purpose of the "GLOBAL" channel in the radio?**

The GLOBAL radio channel is used for universal communication between all departments and includes things such as traffic stops, availability statuses, etc. It's also used for interdepartmental communication.

**8C) What is the purpose of the "ES-1" channel in the radio?**

The ES-1 radio channel is typically used for clearing individuals and plates. You can also execute warrants here.

**9C) What is a felony crime? List one example of a felony within the State of Mayflower Criminal Code.**

Felonies are serious offenses that generally cannot be enforced by a citation, with the exception of Felony Misconduct. An example of a felony crime would be Espionage, which is the unauthorized distribution of confidential documents, punishable by 60 minutes in jail.

**10C) What is a misdemeanor crime? List one example of a misdemeanor within the State of Mayflower Criminal Code.**

Misdemeanors are semi-severe crimes that are punishable by both citations and arrests. An example of a misdemeanor crime is criminal threats, which are threatening to physically harm a person. Criminal threats are punishable only by arrest, with up to 15 minutes in jail.

**11C) What is an "Infraction"?**

Infractions are minor crimes, examples being mostly traffic crimes such as dangerous lane change, and illegal parking. Most infractions are warnings and citations with the exception of failure to pay a citation, which is punishable by 10 minutes in jail.

**12C) When should you use a taser? Explain properly.**

Tasers should be used when you wish to immobilize and subdue an individual, without using lethal force. Examples include fleeing suspects, non-compliant suspects, violent suspects and at an officer's general discretion, as long as it's proportional. In addition, it should not be used at length.

**13C) What is Reasonable Suspicion?**

Reasonable suspicion is a standard of proof for the suspicion that a crime has been committed, based on an unproven fact or small evidence. Reasonable suspicion can be used to perform a stop, detain, and search an individual. You cannot arrest a suspect based on reasonable suspicion alone. You need probable cause.

**14C) What is Probable Cause?**

Probable cause is a standard of proof with more basis than reasonable suspicion. With probable cause, you have a well-supported or founded suspicion that a crime is about to occur or has already transpired. An example of probable cause would be a video including a timestamp showing a definitive crime in progress. Probable cause is required to arrest, search a vehicle, etc.

**15C) What are some important ways to keep not only your roblox account, but all of your accounts secure?**

There are multiple ways to keep your online accounts secure, including using account settings such as two-factor authorization, account PINs, etc. You should also use good online practices such as not clicking on unknown links, knowledge on signs of an account infiltration, etc.

**16C) Define the term "Traffic"**

"Traffic" is a term for a traffic stop. Traffic stops are stops where the driver is detained. They can be executed when you have reasonable suspicion, probable cause, or a traffic violation has been committed.

**17C) Explain a Traffic Stop and how it should work.**

A traffic stop is when you stop a vehicle for reasonable suspicion, probable cause, or a traffic violation. During traffic stops, all occupants of the vehicle are detained, according to Brendlin v. California and Maryland v. Wilson. When conducting a traffic stop, you start by signaling the vehicle to pull-over by utilizing emergency audio and lighting. Then, you would proceed to communicate traffic stop details over the radio in GLOBAL, such as location, vehicle description, occupants, as well as the need for additional units. Next, you would watch for traffic and exit your vehicle, and approach the driver, slightly inclined towards them. Partners would do the same for the right rear passenger's door. You would then assert your name, rank, and department, and notify the driver of their offense. Subsequently, you would identify the passengers and clear the name and plate on the radio. Now, based on your discretion and judgment - you can issue a warning, citation, or arrest, and radio the completion and consequences of the traffic stop on the GLOBAL radio channel. Ultimately, you would proceed with your patrol.

**18C) How would you process an arrest warrant?**

Arrest warrants are issued due to criminal proceedings or indictment, outstanding evidence that is present, and an absence of apprehension for a crime. Arrest warrants can be identified by clearing their username in the ES-1 radio channel, or by the red handcuffs next to a user on the leaderboard. Arrest warrants can be processed by arresting the individual for their charge provided by the CLEAR command, using the LOV format.

**19C) Explain the X and Y formations**

In both formations, there is the breach commander who starts the breach by using the breach command "?", which indicates them asking if the members are prepared to make the entry. All members respond with "." to acknowledge their readiness. Next, the breach commander gives the final signal of "!", which indicates to breach and make an entry. The X formation is when the breach commander is located as the first person on the left stack, and everyone enters as LEFT-RIGHT-LEFT-RIGHT, etc, until everyone is in the building. The Y formation is when the breach commander is the first person in the stack, and everyone is in one stack on one wall. Then, the entire stack goes into the structure at once.

**20C) Step by step, how you would deal with a felony stop. Make sure to explain each position.**

When conducting a felony stop, there are four positions with different responsibilities. Car 1: Side 1 (1:1), is the command giver for any left-side occupants of the vehicle. They have a clear viewpoint of the left-side passengers, and are responsible for instructing them to step out, face away, drop any dangerous items, pace back towards the officers, and shuffle towards 1:2. Car 1: Side 2 (1:2) is an arrest team member responsible for taking any left-side passengers into custody. For any right-side passengers, everything is opposite. Car 2: Side 1 is also an arrest team member, responsible for taking any right-side passengers into custody. When arrest team members are restraining the occupants, they need acknowledgement that the other officers are covering them by simply saying "Covered." Now, the last position is Car 2: Side 2, which is the command giver for any right-side occupants for the vehicle, due to their viewpoint. They will give the same instructions 1:1 does for left-side occupants, but opposite such that 2:1 will be the arrest team member. In addition, 2:1 and 2:2 are not necessary positions if not enough officers are present. When all occupants are in custody, 1:1 and 2:2 will use breach commands and proceed to clear the vehicle, and break the windows with batons.

**21C) Explain the Pursuit Policy**

Pursuit policy is a set of basic rules to abide by during vehicular pursuits. These are an important set of rules due to the sheer frequency of pursuits in the county, which requires fast reaction times. Pursuits are dangerous situations, and if others' lives are being put in danger in dense areas, a BOLO should be issued and units should fall back. Communication is an important element during the pursuit, and the location should be regularly updated by the primary unit. An example is 1P99 Pursuit Ply Gas LE-1. You would then switch to LE-1 or the relevant channel, and update the location of the pursuit (i.e. ply gas, ply cd, highway, etc). When police officers are joining pursuits, they should let pursuing units pass by first to avoid any collisions. Lastly, in the situation that you have to use opposite lanes to pursue, you should use dual sirens to warn oncoming traffic.

**22C) How would you lower the risk of crossfire?**

The risk of crossfire and be minimized by using the appropriate weapon and tactics. You should always be attentive to your surroundings and not interfere with the firing path of other people. Likewise, you should ceasefire if an individual is getting close in proximity to your own firing path. When there is a high-risk of crossfire, the Delino R21A should be used because of it's precise and accurate nature. The Hawthorn 500 should be avoided when there is a high-risk of crossfire due to its spread. Another tactic is to keep your firearm trained on the suspect at all times, to avoid accidental deaths in the case of a misfire. Lastly, in populated areas, you should always refrain from discharging your firearm, as it endangers the public.

**23C) What are the levels of force? Include descriptions for each.**

The levels of force is a guide to the proportional use of force, to react appropriately to different situations without escalation. The levels are from 1 to 5. Level 1 is the first level of force, which consists of essentially no force, but just the act of being present and assertive. Level 2 is limited force with techniques such as grabbing and restraining, commonly used to ensure a suspect's presence. Level 3 is the moderate use of force, in which you can utilize tools such as a baton. This is used for violent and harmful suspects. Level 4 is less-lethal force - when a suspect is acting violently towards the officer or others. This is practiced to regain control of a situation, and the TI26 can be used in this occurrence. The last level of force is the most dangerous - level 5, deadly force. This is used when there is a direct threat to ones' life and involves tools and techniques to incapacitate the suspect.

**24C) When should you use lethal force?**

Lethal force or deadly force should be exercised when there is a direct threat to ones' life, according to the levels of force. Essentially, lethal force should be used when there is a life-endangering situation, but all officers should use force when it's reasonable and proportionate. Examples of when to use lethal force can include; a stolen vehicle with an imperiled passenger, someone driving in an erratic and dangerous style (State of Mayflower v. AwesomePlaysRoblox12), when there is an active shooter, etc. All of the examples listed warrant lethal force because lives are endangered.

**25C) When should you use non-lethal force?**

Non-lethal force should be administered when a situation has become unruly and unmanageable and/or a suspect is acting in a violent and unsafe manner. The objective of non-lethal force is to regain control of the situation and de-escalate. This typically comprises the deployment of the TI26. Examples of circumstances that warrant the use of the TI26 include; the suspect is fleeing, non-compliant, or dangerously approaching. Non-lethal force should just generally be used when you cannot use lethal force justly.

**26C) Explain the US Supreme Court Case "Arizona vs Gant".**

Arizona v. Gant states that law enforcement may only search the vehicle of a recent passenger who has been arrested if you reasonably believe the evidence of the offense is located in the vehicle, or the arrestee may access the vehicle at the time of the search.

**27C) Explain the US Supreme Court Case "Whren vs U.S".**

Whren v. U.S. states that a law enforcement officer can legally stop a vehicle if they committed a traffic offense. They also established that search and seizure in the traffic stop is not a violation of the Fourth Amendment, due to the traffic violation.

**28C) Explain the US Supreme Court Case "Carroll v United States".**

Carroll v. United States asserts that a vehicle can be searched without a search warrant but instead with probable cause that evidence may be in the vehicle, and the vehicle may be soon moved from the area. If the officer believes the vehicle will be moved before a warrant is obtained, under Carroll v US the law enforcement officer can search the vehicle.

**29C) Explain the US Supreme Court case "Terry v. Ohio".**

Terry v. Ohio states that police officers can detain individuals legally on the basis of reasonable suspicion that the individual has or is about to commit a crime. Furthermore, the term Terry Stop refers to the ability to stop and frisk an individual on the basis of reasonable suspicion of a crime as well.

**30C) What is "LOV"? Explain each letter.**

LOV is an acronym that stands for location, offense, and venue - a report format used for arrests, citations, warrants, etc. The "L", signifies location, which is the city, town, or region the offense occurred. An example would be "Plymouth Town Limits". The "O" signifies the offense (crime) that was committed. An example would be "The suspect stole a sheriff's office crusader and proceeded to drive erratically and at high speed throughout Plymouth, striking multiple vehicles." The "V" signifies the venue or the particular location it took place. An example would be "Plymouth Gas Station".

**31C) How do you conduct an arrest?**

In order to conduct an arrest, you would begin by advancing on the suspect from behind, placing handcuffs on the subject, clearing them of any dangerous items and weapons, and finally putting them in the patrol vehicle and transporting them to the station. At the station, the computer can be used to fill out an arrest report utilizing the LOV (location-offense-venue) format.

**32C) How do you conduct an interview/interrogation?**

Before starting an interrogation, you must inform the individual of their Miranda Rights and Waiver, and be certain they understand their rights before proceeding with questioning. If they have an attorney, you must ensure they have a valid Bar certification, and attorneys not abiding by their code may be reported to the State Bar Association Ethics Committee. Re-prompting them for an attorney if they don't want one should also be done. Regarding questions, you may not repeat questions that are answered with no comment or adequately. Alternatively, rephrasing questions is allowed. The whole interview/interrogation should be recorded for future reference.

**33C) How do you move a vehicle? Why would you?**

When you are searching/seizing a vehicle, everyone has to be removed from the vehicle. Vehicles can be moved by using a baton to shatter the windows, windshield, rear window, and any other glass. This allows you access to the drivers' seat. Law enforcement officers can move vehicles if they are parked illegally, if the vehicle has evidence, or was involved in a crime, for instance.

**34C) Define "City Limits".**

City limits are boundaries defined by the County Charter where municipal agencies have their jurisdiction, where they are permitted to execute their respective duties. Examples in New Haven County would be Plymouth Police Department, which is limited by their city limits sign, as well as the Lander Police Department, which is also limited by their city limits sign. Although, municipal agencies are permitted to respond for emergencies and upon request.

**35C) What is the Jurisdiction of Plymouth Police Department?**

The jurisdiction of the Plymouth Police Department is designated with their blue "city limits" signs. They can leave for pursuits and emergencies. However, according to the Public Safety Defense Act, the department is able to respond for mutual aid and use their peace officer powers in their immediate vicinity, even out of their jurisdiction.

**36C) What is the Jurisdiction of the Lander Police Department?**

The jurisdiction of the Lander Police Department is designated with their blue "city limits" signs. They can leave for pursuits and emergencies. However, according to the Public Safety Defense Act, the department is able to respond for mutual aid and use their peace officer powers in their immediate vicinity, even out of their jurisdiction.

**37C) If you are the 1st unit of a pursuit and assistance comes to aid you, do you fall out of the pursuit if out your jurisdiction?**

No

**38C) If you are the 4th unit of a pursuit and assistance is already present, do you fall out of the pursuit if out your jurisdiction?**

Yes

**39C) Restate the Miranda Rights and Waiver. Word-for-word answers will be permitted for this question.**

You have the right to remain silent. You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you. You can decide at any time to exercise these rights and not answer any questions or make any statements. Do you understand these rights as they have been read to you? Having these rights in mind, do you wish to speak to us?

**40C) What do you need to search a vehicle or an individual? List the four of them below.**

To search a vehicle or individual, you need probable cause, a search warrant, owner consent, or legal authority (legal case law, statutes, Acts of Congress, etc). For example, the legal authority could be the Arizona v. Gant case law, which states that you can search a vehicle of an arrestee if you believe that there is evidence in the vehicle and it may be accessed and moved.

**41C) How to properly issue Citations? Explain it in your own words.**

To issue a citation, you would start by getting near the player and pressing the key-bind (X), to cite. Then, you would select the crime and write a report using the LOV (location-offense-venue) format. Finally, you are required to notify the player that they must pay their citation at any police station within 30 minutes.

**42C) Define Rule 1 of the Mayflower Law Enforcement Game**

The first game rule is the New Life Rule, where players who engage with law enforcement and die during the encounter will not be charged. For example, during a pursuit, if the suspect dies during the pursuit, they will not be charged for the crimes that occurred during that pursuit.

**43C) Define Rule 7 of the Mayflower Law Enforcement Game**

The seventh game rule is playing in a fair and responsible manner. Particularly applicable to law enforcement officers, you cannot block doors or vehicles with barriers or destroy a "role-playing" scene.

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