程設二 Computer Programming(II)

--- title: 程設二 Computer Programming(II) --- # Computer Programming (II) NTNU 程式設計(二) ##### [Back to Note Overview](https://reurl.cc/XXeYaE) ###### tags: `NTNU` `CSIE` `必修` `Programming(II)` ## [Moodle](https://moodle.ntnu.edu.tw/course/view.php?id=22976) ## [ClassWeb](https://sites.google.com/gapps.ntnu.edu.tw/neokent/teaching/2020spring-computer-programming-ii?authuser=0) ## [Calander](https://calendar.google.com/calendar?cid=MGVqaWduMzg1NGI4c3F2aHVuNHBydmR0a29AZ3JvdXAuY2FsZW5kYXIuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbQ) <iframe src="https://calendar.google.com/calendar/embed?src=0ejign3854b8sqvhun4prvdtko%40group.calendar.google.com&ctz=Asia%2FTaipei" style="border: 0" width="600" height="400" frameborder="1" scrolling="no"></iframe> ## Score - Midterm Exam 15% - Final Exam 20% - Homework 50% - Project 15% - Bonus ## Final Project ## Bonus ![](https://i.imgur.com/ka1nhKz.png) ## String - fgets - strcpy - strcmp - strncmp - strchar - strrchr - strspn - strcspn - strpbrk - strstr - strtok - strlen ### IPv4 (strtok ver.) ```c= #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(){ char str[128] = {0}; fgets(str, 128, stdin); char *token = strtok(str, "."); while(token != NULL){ //cooditions token = strtok(NULL, "."); } return 0; } ``` ### IPv4 (sscanf ver.) ```c = #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main() { char str[128] = {0}; int ipv4[4] = {0}; fgets( str, 128, stdin); sscanf( str, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &(ipv4[0]), &(ipv4[1]), &(ipv4[2]), &(ipv4[3])); for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { printf("%d ", ipv4[i]); } printf("\n"); return 0; } ``` ## Structure ### Decalre ```c= struct new_type_name { type member_name; type member_name; type member_name; ... } // in main, use it // new_type_name struct_name; ``` ### Structure operators #### member 【.】 ```c= a_card.face = 5; ``` #### pointer 【->】 ```c= a_card_ptr = &a_card; a_card_ptr -> face = 5; //Equivalent to (*a_card_ptr).face = 5; ``` ### Structure Attribute ``` 一般電腦預設是4Bytes ``` #### Disable CPU alignment ```c= struct student { char name[64]; uint8_t height; uint8_t weight; uint8_t gender; uint16_t id; uint8_t grade[8]; }__attribute__((packed)); // 不要CPU自己alignment ``` ```c= #pragma pack(push) #pragma pack(1)//以幾個Bytes去對齊通常只有1有用(關掉的意思) //structure #pragma pack(pop) ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/xdpVAGh.png) ## Union Union memory示意圖 ![](https://i.imgur.com/LOw7FBo.png) ```c= typeof union _number { int8_t x; int32_t y; double z; }number; ``` ``` 跟struct的主要差別在記憶體配置 ``` ## Bitwise Operation ``` & and | or ~ not ^ xor << 左移 = *2 >> 右移 = /2 ``` ### Application ```c= //if a is 2^n if( ( a - 1 & a ) == 0) ``` ## File ### I/O Redirection ### Example Code #### fprint-main.v2.c ```c= #include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <string.h> int main() { FILE *pFile = NULL; char fileName[32] = {0}; char tmp[32] = {0}; printf( "Please enter the file name: " ); if( fgets( fileName, sizeof( fileName ), stdin ) == NULL ) { printf( "Error!\n" ); return 0; } // Since fgets will include '\n', we need to remove this character. if( fileName[ strlen( fileName ) - 1 ] == '\n' ) { fileName[ strlen( fileName ) - 1 ] = 0; } else { // If the last byte is not '\n', we need to clean the input buffer. int32_t c = 0; while( ( c = fgetc( stdin ) ) != '\n' && c != EOF ){} } if( ( pFile = fopen( fileName, "w" ) ) == NULL ) { printf( "File could not be opened!\n" ); return 0; } char account[32] = {0}; char password[32] = {0}; int32_t i = 1; while( 1 ) { printf( "Please enter your account and password.\n" ); printf( "The length of account and password cannot be over 31.\n" ); printf( "Account: " ); if( fgets( account, 32, stdin ) == NULL ) { break; } if( account[ strlen( account ) - 1 ] == '\n' ) { account[ strlen( account ) - 1 ] = 0; } else { int32_t c = 0; while( ( c = fgetc( stdin ) ) != '\n' && c != EOF ){} } printf( "Password: " ); if( fgets( password, 32, stdin ) == NULL ) { break; } if( password[ strlen( password ) - 1 ] == '\n' ) { password[ strlen( password ) - 1 ] = 0; } else { int32_t c = 0; while( ( c = fgetc( stdin ) ) != '\n' && c != EOF ){} } fprintf( pFile, "%02d %s/%s\n", i, account, password ); i++; } fclose( pFile ); return 0; } ``` ### rewind ### fseek ```c= fseek(FILE * , long , SEEK_XXX) // SEEK_SET start of file // SEEK_CUR now // SEEK_END eof ``` ### fread ```c= size_t fread(void* ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream) // size建議放sizeof(char), sizeof(int)等等這種 // nmemb則放要讀多少個東西 // 雖然沒有太大差異但是自己比較看得懂 ``` ### fwrite ```c= size_t fwrite(void* ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream) // size 跟 nmemb 同上 ``` ## Misc ### typedef ```c= typedef struct _card card; ``` ```c= typedef struct _card { } card; ``` ### const > tips:由後往前讀 ```c= int * int const * int * const int const * const const int * const int * const ``` [Article]() ### cdecl (in linux terminal) ```bash= explain (code) declare (English) ``` ### BMP ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZWT4rfX.png) ### SDL ``` sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev libsdl2-image-dev ``` ## Homework ### HW1 - [Problem](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fOsejqaCJ9WXTNGocXR6ev0Qhnefgwc6/view) - Due: 2020.03.24 PM 11:59 ### HW2 - [Problem] - Due: 2020.04.14 PM 11:59  ## Linked List