Try   HackMD

Gradient Method

Thm 7.31

給定一個

Rn×n 裡的 symmetric postive matrix
A
,當我們想解
Ax=b
x
時,等價於找到能 minimizes
Φ(y)=12<Ay,y><b,y>
x

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

而怎麼去找

Φ 的最小值的方法就叫 Gradient Method

證明:

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

而我們利用這個方法去找到每次的

x(k)

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

也就是用上一步的

x(k1),加上某一個純量(scalar)
αk1
乘上更新的方向
p(k1)

所以我們需要知道

p(k1) 長怎樣,另外一個就是要知道每一步要跨多大,所以要知道
αk1
的值是多少,要注意
αk1
需要大於 0,這樣才會是我們要的方向

為什叫 Gradient Method

因為之前有說過如果一個函數可微的話,那麼這個函數的負的 gradient 方向就會指出它最大的遞減方向

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

所以

p(k1)=Φ(x(k1)) 就會是
x(k1)
那點的最大遞減方向,那麼
x(k1)
加上
αk1Φ(x(k1))
就可以保證越來越小。

這個

r(k1) 是之前說的那個 residual vector,通常定義是
r(k1)=bAx(k1)

所以這樣我們就可以推出我們下一步的解要沿著 residual vector 的方向來做變化

找 alpha

接下來要來決定

αk1,推導:

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

那我們可以做個簡單的操作來得到 residual vector 的 equation:

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Pseudo Code

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →