# Black Box Techniques Examples

###### tags: `ISTQB` `Software Testing` `SQA` `Black Box Testing Tech`

## Examples of "State Transition Testing"
### IGMP router state
#### transition diagram
:::info
右方的Loop
event is gen. query timer expired
action is send general query, set gen. q.timer
如果是null的狀況，會是有event 但 state 沒有變化也沒有任何action
:::

| state/event | gen. query timer expired | query received from a router with a lower IP | other querier present timer expired | House Keeping |
| ----------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | --- |
| Initial | null | null | null | state=Querier. Send gen. query & set initial gen quert timer |
| Querier | state = Querier. Send gen. query, set gen. query timer | state=non-Querier | null | null |
| Non Querier | null | sate=non-Querier | state=Querier | |
#### Test Case
- pre-condiction
- IGMP is enabled
- Router State
- IO
-

| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| Text | Text | Text |

:::danger
:question:
1.在ST中一格是一個Test case or test condition
2.PASS Fail 是由 expected result 還是 postcondition 判斷
:::
:::success
在Advance的文件中，Test Case分High Level與Low Level，所以目前共識是"可以是Test case也可以是test condition"
:::

:::success

查完2個關於ISTQB對這個部分的討論，目前認為這兩個定義上是分開來的，一個專注於行為，一個專注於狀態。
- postcondition描述的是這件事情執行後的系統狀態
- expected result描述的是這件事情執行後的預期行為

因此我覺得要看我們測試的結果，究竟要檢查的**是行為還是狀態**
- 如果我們要檢查的是狀態，那expected result = postcondition我覺得合理
- 如果要檢查的是行為，那expected result跟postcondition本來就是拆開的兩件事情

**結論：**
Passed or Failed判定的條件使用的是expect result from ISTQB Glossary
:::

:::success
Test basis: Test condition of soruce
Test oracles: Expected result of source


:::

:::danger
:question: Pre-condition是否要包含environment
:::

###
- Querier state (Only v2)

- Non-Querier state