---
# System prepended metadata

title: STRUCTURE-BASED (WHITE-BOX) TECHNIQUES
tags: [ISTQB, SQA, Software Testing, White Box Testing Tech]

---

# STRUCTURE-BASED (WHITE-BOX) TECHNIQUES

###### tags: `White Box Testing Tech` `ISTQB` `Software Testing` `SQA`
**used to explore system or component structures at several levels.**
- componet level 
    - program structures such as ==decisions==:question: 
- integration level
    - exploring the way ++components interact with other components++
- system level 
    - users will interact with a menu structure

white-box tests focus on **ensuring that particular elements of the structure itself are correctly exercised.**

:::spoiler example
For example, we can use structural testing techniques to ensure that each statement in the code of a component is executed at least once.
:::

### READING AND INTERPRETING CODE
- Pseudo code
It is sometimes used to document designs before they are coded into a programming language.
### OVERALL PROGRAM STRUCTURE
- Executable code 
    - instructs the computer to **take some action**
- non-executable code
    - It is used to **prepare the computer to do its calculations** but it does not involve any actions

## PROGRAMMING STRUCTURES
- SEQUENCE
    - The following program is purely sequential:
![](https://i.imgur.com/kVfvmO3.png)

- SELECTION
    - Selection structures therefore involve decisions(by the Boolean).
![](https://i.imgur.com/YeHe9Zp.png)
    - not have ElSE part
![](https://i.imgur.com/rXHFhXI.png)
- ITERATION
    - DO WHILE 
![](https://i.imgur.com/53eceMX.png)
    - REPEAT UNTIL loop
    ![](https://i.imgur.com/h6YPggA.png)
    
:::danger
:question:  Briefly describe the two forms of looping structure introduced in this section.
:::
 