# STRUCTURE-BASED (WHITE-BOX) TECHNIQUES

###### tags: `White Box Testing Tech` `ISTQB` `Software Testing` `SQA`
**used to explore system or component structures at several levels.**
- componet level
- program structures such as ==decisions==:question:
- integration level
- exploring the way ++components interact with other components++
- system level
- users will interact with a menu structure

white-box tests focus on **ensuring that particular elements of the structure itself are correctly exercised.**

:::spoiler example
For example, we can use structural testing techniques to ensure that each statement in the code of a component is executed at least once.
:::

### READING AND INTERPRETING CODE
- Pseudo code
It is sometimes used to document designs before they are coded into a programming language.
### OVERALL PROGRAM STRUCTURE
- Executable code
- instructs the computer to **take some action**
- non-executable code
- It is used to **prepare the computer to do its calculations** but it does not involve any actions

## PROGRAMMING STRUCTURES
- SEQUENCE
- The following program is purely sequential:

- SELECTION
- Selection structures therefore involve decisions(by the Boolean).
- not have ElSE part
- ITERATION
- DO WHILE
- REPEAT UNTIL loop

:::danger
:question: Briefly describe the two forms of looping structure introduced in this section.
:::