# MinoLang

## Inspirations

[Linear A](/Ogv9cgx9T2mO3Ptmn8N6GQ)
* Minoan:
* Directly borrowed consonant inventory
* Vowel inventory based on Egyption "Keftiu" (and 'o' because I apparently can't function with 3 vowels)

* CURRENTLY NEED TO FIGURE OUT SOUND CHANGE TO ELIMINATE /f/
* Inverse of part of grimm's law? /f/ > /p/ ?

## Phoneme Inventory

Consonants:

| | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
|:-----------:|:--------:|:------:|:--------:|:-------:|:-----:|:------:|:-------:|
| Nasal | m | | n | | | | |
| Stop | p b | t d | | ts | k | q | |
| Fricative | | | s | sh | | h | h |
| Trill | | | r | | | | |
| Approximant | | | | j | w | | |

Vowels:

| | Front | Central | Back |
|:----------:|:-----:|:-------:|:----:|
| Close | i | | u |
| Near-close | | | |
| Close-mid | e | | o |
| Mid | | | |
| Open-mid | | | |
| Near-open | | ɐ | |
| Open | | | |

## Vocabulary

Word Format:

(NUMBER) (ROOT) (VERB) (GENDER) (TIME) (CASE) (NEGATE) (POSS)

### Vowel Combinations

Only certain vowel combinations are valid

* iu
* uo
* ei

### Number

le-
pu-

### Roots

obik - person
kes - moon
ijo - gift
keiw - tree
hur - blood
buki - friend
nkuwi - child
rmeno - partner
toti - I
tu - you
pqos - he/she/it
qeb - inhabit
bteko - time
sleep - rjido
mind - qete
health - hurqor
sebe - 1
qel - 2
qi - 3
jdo - 4
moq - 5
wuq - 6
semd - 7
ketsp - 8
nurp - 9
sur - 10
rom - 11
dru - 12

### Verb Marker

-ku

### Gender

Inanimate/Animate
- Pretty sure this isn't a standard grammatical gender type for the languages I'm borrowing from but it's common in american languages and I want to use it

Only use when it's not in its 'normal' state as implied by context

A corpse is inanimate, a living being is animate, so a dead person would be an inanimate person

-qoti (Inanimate)
-quod (Animate)

### Time

2 Components
Completion, and tense

Past - *-sruq*
Present - *-kbi*
Future - *-qrim*
Complete - *-qqiri*
Incomplete - *-dqo*

Root:

obik - person

le- obik
luobik - people

puobik - groups of people

luobikun - of the people
obikku - to be a person, to be human

obikkusuqi - to be inhuman, to not be human

ijo - something given
ijoku - to give

### Morphology

* Things I could use:
* Ergative (subject of transitive clause)
* Absolutive (subject of intransitive & object of transitive clause)
* Locative (positional-ish)
* Inessive (in) (finnish)
* Elative (out) (finnish)
* Illative (into) (finnish)
* Addessive (at/on) (finnish)
* Ablative (from/off) (finnish)
* Allative (to/onto) (finnish)
* Essive (as) (finnish)
* Translative (transform into) (finnish)
* Abessive (without) (finnish)
* Instrumental (with/using)
* Instructive (with/using, by means of (i travel by train)) (finnish)
* Comitative (together with (companion)) (finnish)
* Interrogative (Not sure if this counts as a case, but meh)
* What
* Which
* When
* Where
* Who (can be merged with whom/whose using case stacking? who = who + subj marker (erg or absol))
* whom (merging ^ -> whom = who + obj marker (erg or absol))
* Whose (merging ^ -> whose = who + possess)
* Why
* Whether
* How
* Evidentiality:
* What degrees?
* Random thing I picked:
* I heard (rumor/discovered from conversation speaker was not a part of)
* I was told (discovered from conversation speaker participated in)
* I believe
* I witnessed (first-person account)

* Cases I want to use
* Ergative (-ots) (sub of trans)
* Absolutive (-∅) (sub of intrans & obj of trans)
* Genitive (-un) (of)
* Dative (-ut) (recipient)
* Comitative (-niq) (together with)
* Instructive (-ikan) (with, using)
* Translative (-ikor) (transform into)
* Essive (-qis) (as)
* (among) (-ha)
* Inessive (in) (-etin)
* Elative (out) (-etot)
* Illative (into) (-utsin)
* Addessive (at/on) (-arit)
* Ablative (from/off) (-arot)
* Allative (to/onto) (-qaj)

* Also Mark:
* Possession
* *-ap*
* Number
* *-mu* (plural)
* Negation
* *-wa*

* On Verbs:
* *-ek* (past tense)
* *-etek* (future tense)
* Completion
* *-jeq* (complete)
* Mood:
* *-kwe* (subjunctive)

* Maybe steal the ancient greek case system and go from there?
* Nominative
* Genitive : -sso (of)
* Accusative : Mark direct object of verb
* Vocative : Direct address (what the fuck)
* Dative : Indicate recipient of action

* Nominative
* Unmarked
* Genitive
* Possessive: -sso
* 'of the land'
* Possessive: -pros
* 'have'
* Accusitive
* -bnu
* Me/Them/Whom
* Vocative
* koji-
* Mr President, kojiPresident
* Dative
* -sin
* To/For
* Delative
* -
* Off
* Ablative
* -
* From
* Inessive
* -
* In
* Addessive
* -
* On

-ssa for possession

## Considerations

# CURRENTLY I HAVE NO IDEA WHAT THE DECLENSIONS WILL LOOK LIKE THIS IS IMPORTANT

* Hattic
* Grammar:
* Prefixes:
* *a-* (3rd person singular, obj & subj)
* *(a)n-/m-* (3rd person singular, subj. n changes to m before labial)
* *es-/as-/us-* (1st person plural)
* *wa-* (2nd person singular)
* *le-* (one or several obj in posession)
* *te-* (one possessor, with one obj)
* *se-* (several posessors or several objs of possession)
* *wa-* (plural)
* *ka-* (hither, on, over)
* *a-kka-* (upwards)
* *ta-/tu-* (in, inside)
* *ha-* (among, between, into)
* *li-/zi-* (IDEK (note that this means its known, I'm just a dumb bitch and don't get it))
* *pe-/pi-* (into)
* Suffixes:
* *-h* (adjective forming)
* *-ah* (feminine)
* *-ma* (IDEK)
* *-an* (past tense forming)
* *-ja* (dative)
* *-Vn* (genetive)
* *-tu/-du* (ablative)
* *-Vl* (agent, position, or origin, Nerikil, person from nerik, hattili, in the hatti lang, hattusilis man from hattusa)
* *-s* (locative (hattus, place of Hattussa))
* Conventional plural: *le-* prefix
* Collective plural: *fa-* prefix -> *fu-* ?
* Genitive case: *-un* (of the) -> *-un* Dative
* Examples:
* Kasku (Moon God) -> Kesku (Moon) ?
* Basque
* Grammar:
* Ergative-absolutive
* Martin-ek egunkari-ak erosten di-ski-t
* Martin-ERF newspaper-PL buy-GER AUX-(3rd person).OBJ-PL.OBJ-me.IO[3rd person_subj]
* Martin buys the newspapers for me.
* Holy fuck inflected 17 ways mul by 4 for definiteness & number
* It has been estimated that, with two levels of recursion, a Basque noun may have 458,683 inflected forms
* *-a* (determiner, 'the')
* autobus-a (the bus)
* autobus-ean (bus-loc (in the bus))
* Ergative
* Absolutive
* Dative
* Instrumental
* Inessive
* Allative
* Possessive Genitive (posession and construction of post-pos phrases)
* Genitive (used for origin, never with animates)
*
* Examples:
* Georgian
* Grammar:
* Examples:
* Inuktikut
* Grammar:
* Examples:
* inuk (person)
* Greek
* Grammar:
* Examples:
* Koine
* Am I going to borrow from koine? It basically decided what a lot of modern indo-european languages look like now so it would be very 'standard' sounding
* Svan
* Grammar:
* Examples:
* What does the Svan case system look like?
* Hungarian
* Grammar:
* Look at combining hungarian/finnish case systems, should be already quite similar structurally, although probably not phonetically
* Examples:
* Pictish
* Grammar:
* Examples:
* Keith (forest in pictish?) -> Keiw (tree in minolang) -> Lekeiw (woods) -> Fukeiw (forest)
* Old English
* Grammar:
* Examples:
* hál (healthy) -> hur (blood)
* Iberian
* Grammar:
* -ar (possession)
* -en (similar or equivalent to -ar?)
* -ka (indicates receiver?)
* -te (ergative?)
* -ku (ablative? compare to basque local genetive -ko)
* -ken / -sken (genetive plural?)
* -k (plural? compare to basque -k)
* Examples:
* aŕe take (hic est situs, here he is)
* iltiŕ & iltun (toponyms meaning something like city/town)
* ekiar (to do/make? compare to basque egin)
* śalir (money/coin?)

## Translations

### Old Gutnish
#### Text 1

**Old Gutnish:**
Þissi þieluar hafþi ann sun sum hit hafþi. En hafþa cuna hit huita stierna þaun tu bygþu fyrsti agutlandi fyrstu nat sum þaun saman suafu þa droymdi hennj draumbr. So sum þrir ormar warin slungnir saman j barmj hennar Oc þytti hennj sum þair scriþin yr barmi hennar. þinna draum segþi han firi hasþa bonda sinum hann riaþ dravm þinna so. Alt ir baugum bundit bo land al þitta warþa oc faum þria syni aiga. þaim gaf hann namn allum o fydum. guti al gutland aigha graipr al annar haita Oc gunfiaun þriþi. þair sciptu siþan gutlandi i þria þriþiunga. So at graipr þann elzti laut norþasta þriþiung oc guti miþal þriþiung En gunfiaun þann yngsti laut sunnarsta. siþan af þissum þrim aucaþis fulc j gutlandi so mikit um langan tima at land elptj þaim ai alla fyþa þa lutaþu þair bort af landi huert þriþia þiauþ so at alt sculdu þair aiga oc miþ sir bort hafa sum þair vfan iorþar attu.

**English**
This Thielvar had a son called Hafthi. And Hafthi's wife was called Hvitstjarna. Those two were the first to settle on Gotland. When they slept on the island for the first night, she dreamed that three snakes lay in her lap, and she thought they were sliding off her lap. She told this to Hafthi. He interpreted her dream and said: "Everything is bound with bangles, this island will be inhabited, and you will bear three sons." Although, they were not yet born, he named them Guti, who would own the island, Graip and Gunfiaun. The sons divided the island into three regions, and Graip, who was the eldest, took the north, Guti the middle, and Gunfjaun, who was the youngest, took the southern third. After a long time, their descendants became so numerous that the island could not support all of them. They drew lots and every third islander had to leave. They could keep everything they owned but the land.

**Minattic**
Thielvarprosnkuwi Hafthi. Hafthiprosrmeno Hvitstjarna. Qebsebekusruqqqirilepqosbnu Gotland. Bteko rjidokusruqqqirilepqos