### wk12_1123_函式模組_期末專題參考
- 7.2 數值函式
- 7.3 字串函式
#### 【inclass practice】
###### {範例}
學生分蘋果 \
總和及排序 \
檢查網址格式 \
以字串排版函式列印成績單 \
轉換日期格式 \
大樂透中獎號碼 \
```python
#大樂透
import random
list1 = random.sample(range(1,50),7)
special = list1.pop()
list1.sort()
print("中獎號碼:", end="")
for i in range(6):
if i == 5: print(str(list1[i]))
else: print(str(list1[i]), end=", ")
print("特別號:" +str(special))
```
中獎號碼:25, 27, 35, 37, 39, 46
特別號:26
```python
import random as secret
secret = "".join(r.sample("123456789", 4))
print(secret)
guess = "1234"
a = 0
b = 0
for i in range(4):
if guess[i] == secret[i] :
a = a+1
elif guess[i] in secret[i] :
b = b+1
```
7512
```python
import random as r
def evaluate(guess) :
a = 0
b = 0
for i in range(4):
if guess[i] == secret[i] :
a = a + 1
elif guess[i] in secret[i] :
b = b + 1
return a, b
secret = "".join(r.sample("123456789", 4))
print(secret)
guess = input("guess, enterb4 number")
a, b = evaluate(guess)
print(f"{a}A{b}B")
```
2364
guess, enterb4 number1372
1A0B
##### 期末專題參考
{實戰#2} : 貪吃蛇
- 貪吃蛇專案導讀
```python
! pip install pygame
```
Collecting pygame
Obtaining dependency information for pygame from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/82/61/93ae7afbd931a70510cfdf0a7bb0007540020b8d80bc1d8762ebdc46479b/pygame-2.5.2-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl.metadata
Downloading pygame-2.5.2-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl.metadata (13 kB)
Downloading pygame-2.5.2-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl (10.8 MB)
---------------------------------------- 0.0/10.8 MB ? eta -:--:--
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Installing collected packages: pygame
Successfully installed pygame-2.5.2
```python
"""
Snake Eater
Made with PyGame
"""
import pygame, sys, time, random
# Difficulty settings
# Easy -> 10
# Medium -> 25
# Hard -> 40
# Harder -> 60
# Impossible-> 120
difficulty = 10
# Window size
frame_size_x = 720
frame_size_y = 480
# Checks for errors encountered
check_errors = pygame.init()
# pygame.init() example output -> (6, 0)
# second number in tuple gives number of errors
if check_errors[1] > 0:
print(f'[!] Had {check_errors[1]} errors when initialising game, exiting...')
sys.exit(-1)
else:
print('[+] Game successfully initialised')
# Initialise game window
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Eater')
game_window = pygame.display.set_mode((frame_size_x, frame_size_y))
# Colors (R, G, B)
black = pygame.Color(0, 0, 0)
white = pygame.Color(255, 255, 255)
red = pygame.Color(255, 0, 0)
green = pygame.Color(0, 255, 0)
blue = pygame.Color(0, 0, 255)
# FPS (frames per second) controller
fps_controller = pygame.time.Clock()
# Game variables
snake_pos = [100, 50]
snake_body = [[100, 50], [100-10, 50], [100-(2*10), 50]]
food_pos = [random.randrange(1, (frame_size_x//10)) * 10, random.randrange(1, (frame_size_y//10)) * 10]
food_spawn = True
direction = 'RIGHT'
change_to = direction
score = 0
# Game Over
def game_over():
my_font = pygame.font.SysFont('times new roman', 90)
game_over_surface = my_font.render('YOU DIED', True, red)
game_over_rect = game_over_surface.get_rect()
game_over_rect.midtop = (frame_size_x/2, frame_size_y/4)
game_window.fill(black)
game_window.blit(game_over_surface, game_over_rect)
show_score(0, red, 'times', 20)
pygame.display.flip()
time.sleep(3)
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
# Score
def show_score(choice, color, font, size):
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont(font, size)
score_surface = score_font.render('Score : ' + str(score), True, color)
score_rect = score_surface.get_rect()
if choice == 1:
score_rect.midtop = (frame_size_x/10, 15)
else:
score_rect.midtop = (frame_size_x/2, frame_size_y/1.25)
game_window.blit(score_surface, score_rect)
# pygame.display.flip()
# Main logic
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
# Whenever a key is pressed down
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
# W -> Up; S -> Down; A -> Left; D -> Right
if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
change_to = 'UP'
if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN or event.key == ord('s'):
change_to = 'DOWN'
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
change_to = 'LEFT'
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
change_to = 'RIGHT'
# Esc -> Create event to quit the game
if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
pygame.event.post(pygame.event.Event(pygame.QUIT))
# Making sure the snake cannot move in the opposite direction instantaneously
if change_to == 'UP' and direction != 'DOWN':
direction = 'UP'
if change_to == 'DOWN' and direction != 'UP':
direction = 'DOWN'
if change_to == 'LEFT' and direction != 'RIGHT':
direction = 'LEFT'
if change_to == 'RIGHT' and direction != 'LEFT':
direction = 'RIGHT'
# Moving the snake
if direction == 'UP':
snake_pos[1] -= 10
if direction == 'DOWN':
snake_pos[1] += 10
if direction == 'LEFT':
snake_pos[0] -= 10
if direction == 'RIGHT':
snake_pos[0] += 10
# Snake body growing mechanism
snake_body.insert(0, list(snake_pos))
if snake_pos[0] == food_pos[0] and snake_pos[1] == food_pos[1]:
score += 1
food_spawn = False
else:
snake_body.pop()
# Spawning food on the screen
if not food_spawn:
food_pos = [random.randrange(1, (frame_size_x//10)) * 10, random.randrange(1, (frame_size_y//10)) * 10]
food_spawn = True
# GFX
game_window.fill(black)
for pos in snake_body:
# Snake body
# .draw.rect(play_surface, color, xy-coordinate)
# xy-coordinate -> .Rect(x, y, size_x, size_y)
pygame.draw.rect(game_window, green, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 10, 10))
# Snake food
pygame.draw.rect(game_window, white, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 10, 10))
# Game Over conditions
# Getting out of bounds
if snake_pos[0] < 0 or snake_pos[0] > frame_size_x-10:
game_over()
if snake_pos[1] < 0 or snake_pos[1] > frame_size_y-10:
game_over()
# Touching the snake body
for block in snake_body[1:]:
if snake_pos[0] == block[0] and snake_pos[1] == block[1]:
game_over()
show_score(1, white, 'consolas', 20)
# Refresh game screen
pygame.display.update()
# Refresh rate
fps_controller.tick(difficulty)
```
pygame 2.5.2 (SDL 2.28.3, Python 3.11.4)
Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
[+] Game successfully initialised
An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.
SystemExit
C:\Users\cjc11\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py:3513: UserWarning: To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.
warn("To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.", stacklevel=1)
```python
import pygame, sys, time, random
difficulty = 10
frame_size_x = 720
frame_size_y = 480
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake !')
game_window = pygame.display.set_mode((frame_size_x, frame_size_y))
black = pygame.Color(0, 0, 0)
white = pygame.Color(255, 255, 255)
red = pygame.Color(255, 0, 0)
green = pygame.Color(0, 255, 0)
blue = pygame.Color(0, 0, 255)
fps_controller = pygame.time.Clock()
snake_pos = [100, 50]
snake_body = [[100, 50], [100-10, 50], [100-(2*10), 50]]
food_pos = [random.randrange(1, (frame_size_x//10)) * 10, random.randrange(1, (frame_size_y//10)) * 10]
food_spawn = True
direction = 'RIGHT'
change_to = direction
score = 0
def game_over():
my_font = pygame.font.SysFont('times new roman', 90)
game_over_surface = my_font.render('YOU DIED', True, red)
game_over_rect = game_over_surface.get_rect()
game_over_rect.midtop = (frame_size_x/2, frame_size_y/4)
game_window.fill(black)
game_window.blit(game_over_surface, game_over_rect)
show_score(0, red, 'times', 20)
pygame.display.flip()
time.sleep(3)
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
def show_score(choice, color, font, size):
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont(font, size)
score_surface = score_font.render('Score : ' + str(score), True, color)
score_rect = score_surface.get_rect()
if choice == 1:
score_rect.midtop = (frame_size_x/10, 15)
else:
score_rect.midtop = (frame_size_x/2, frame_size_y/1.25)
game_window.blit(score_surface, score_rect)
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
change_to = 'UP'
if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN or event.key == ord('s'):
change_to = 'DOWN'
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
change_to = 'LEFT'
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
change_to = 'RIGHT'
if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
pygame.event.post(pygame.event.Event(pygame.QUIT))
if change_to == 'UP' and direction != 'DOWN':
direction = 'UP'
if change_to == 'DOWN' and direction != 'UP':
direction = 'DOWN'
if change_to == 'LEFT' and direction != 'RIGHT':
direction = 'LEFT'
if change_to == 'RIGHT' and direction != 'LEFT':
direction = 'RIGHT'
if direction == 'UP':
snake_pos[1] -= 10
if direction == 'DOWN':
snake_pos[1] += 10
if direction == 'LEFT':
snake_pos[0] -= 10
if direction == 'RIGHT':
snake_pos[0] += 10
snake_body.insert(0, list(snake_pos))
if snake_pos[0] == food_pos[0] and snake_pos[1] == food_pos[1]:
score += 1
food_spawn = False
else:
snake_body.pop()
if not food_spawn:
food_pos = [random.randrange(1, (frame_size_x//10)) * 10, random.randrange(1, (frame_size_y//10)) * 10]
food_spawn = True
game_window.fill(black)
for pos in snake_body:
pygame.draw.rect(game_window, green, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 10, 10))
pygame.draw.rect(game_window, white, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 10, 10))
if snake_pos[0] < 0 or snake_pos[0] > frame_size_x-10:
game_over()
if snake_pos[1] < 0 or snake_pos[1] > frame_size_y-10:
game_over()
for block in snake_body[1:]:
if snake_pos[0] == block[0] and snake_pos[1] == block[1]:
game_over()
show_score(1, white, 'consolas', 20)
pygame.display.update()
fps_controller.tick(difficulty)
```
#### 【afterclass practice】
- 尋找期末專題主題
- {範例}
學生分蘋果 \
總和及排序 \
檢查網址格式 \
以字串排版函式列印成績單 \
轉換日期格式 \
- {綜合演練}
實作3
實作4
```python
#學生分蘋果
person = int(input("請輸入學生人數:"))
apple = int(input("請輸入蘋果總数:"))
ret = divmod(apple, person)
print("每個學生可分得蘋果"+str(ret[0])+"個")
print("蘋果剩餘" + str(ret[1])+" 個")
```
請輸入學生人數:56
請輸入蘋果總数:700
每個學生可分得蘋果12個
蘋果剩餘28 個
```python
#總和及排序
innum = 0
list1 = []
while(innum != -1):
innum = int(input("請輸入電費(-1:結束):"))
list1.append(innum)
list1.pop()
print("共輸入 %d 個數" % len(list1))
print("最多電費為:%d" % max(list1))
print("最少電费為:%d" % min(list1))
print("電費總和為:%d" % sum(list1))
print("電费由大到小排序為:{}".format(sorted(list1,reverse = True)))
```
請輸入電費(-1:結束):2500
請輸入電費(-1:結束):2000
請輸入電費(-1:結束):1750
請輸入電費(-1:結束):-1
共輸入 3 個數
最多電費為:2500
最少電费為:1750
電費總和為:6250
電费由大到小排序為:[2500, 2000, 1750]
```python
#檢查網址格式
web=input("請輸入網址:")
if web.startswith("http://") or web.startswith("https://"):
print("輸入的網址格式正!")
else:
print("輸入的網址格式錯誤!")
```
請輸入網址:http
輸入的網址格式錯誤!
```python
#以字串排版函式列印成績單
listname =["林大明","陳阿中","張小英"]
listchinese = [100, 74, 82]
listmath = [87, 88, 65]
listenglish = [79, 100, 8]
print("姓名 座號 國文 数学 英文")
for i in range(0,3):
print(listname[i].ljust(5), str(i+1).rjust(3),
str(listchinese[i]).rjust(5), str(listmath[i]).
rjust(5), str(listenglish[i]).rjust(5))
```
姓名 座號 國文 数学 英文
林大明 1 100 87 79
陳阿中 2 74 88 100
張小英 3 82 65 8
```python
#轉換日期格式
datel ="2017-8-23"
datel = "西元 " + datel
datel = datel.replace("-", " 年 ", 1)
datel = datel.replace("-", " 月 ", 1)
datel += " 日"
print(datel)
```
西元 2017 年 8 月 23 日
{綜合演練}
```python
#實作3
import time as t
time1 = t.localtime()
show = "現在時刻："
if time1.tm_hour < 12:
show += "上午 "
hour = time1.tm_hour
else:
show += "下午 "
hour = time1.tm_hour - 12
show += str(hour) + " 點 " + str(time1.tm_min) + " 分 "
show += str(time1.tm_sec) + " 秒"
print(show)
```
現在時刻：下午 10 點 20 分 29 秒
```python
#實作4
def change(n,coin): # 換硬幣
m = n // coin # 硬幣數
return m
money=[50,10,5,1]
n=int(input("請輸入換幣金額："))
while (n>0):
for i in range(len(money)):
coin = money[i]
if (n >= coin):
m = change(n,coin) # 換硬幣
print("{}元 * {}個" .format(coin,m))
n= n % coin
```
請輸入換幣金額：300
50元 * 6個
#### 【selfpractice】
```python
import random
def generate_lottery_numbers():
lottery_numbers = random.sample(range(1, 50), 7)
return sorted(lottery_numbers[:6]), lottery_numbers[6]
def simulate_lottery():
# 產生開獎號碼
winning_numbers, winning_special = generate_lottery_numbers()
print("本期大樂透開獎中...")
print("本期中獎號碼為：", winning_numbers, "特別號是：", winning_special)
# 模擬開獎
simulate_lottery()
```
本期大樂透開獎中...
本期中獎號碼為： [15, 17, 20, 25, 30, 42] 特別號是： 13
```python
import random
def generate_lottery_numbers():
lottery_numbers = random.sample(range(1, 50), 7)
return sorted(lottery_numbers[:6]), lottery_numbers[6]
def check_numbers(player_numbers, player_special, winning_numbers, winning_special):
correct_numbers = len(set(player_numbers).intersection(set(winning_numbers)))
correct_special = 1 if player_special == winning_special else 0
return correct_numbers, correct_special
def simulate_lottery():
winning_numbers, winning_special = generate_lottery_numbers()
print("本期大樂透開獎中...")
print("本期中獎號碼為：", winning_numbers, "特別號是：", winning_special)
# 選號
player_numbers = []
for i in range(6):
while True:
try:
number = int(input(f"請輸入你的第 {i+1} 個數字 (1-49)："))
if number < 1 or number > 49:
raise ValueError
if number in player_numbers:
raise ValueError("數字重複選擇")
player_numbers.append(number)
break
except ValueError:
print("請輸入有效的數字並避免重複選擇")
while True:
try:
special = int(input("請輸入你的特別號碼 (1-49)："))
if special < 1 or special > 49:
raise ValueError
break
except ValueError:
print("請輸入有效的特別號碼")
# 檢查中獎
correct_numbers, correct_special = check_numbers(player_numbers, special, winning_numbers, winning_special)
# 輸出結果
print("\n你的選號為：", sorted(player_numbers), "特別號是：", special)
print("本期中獎號碼為：", winning_numbers, "特別號是：", winning_special)
print("\n你猜對了", correct_numbers, "個數字", "和特別號" if correct_special else "沒有特別號")
simulate_lottery()
```
本期大樂透開獎中...
本期中獎號碼為： [6, 8, 20, 33, 46, 49] 特別號是： 25
請輸入你的第 1 個數字 (1-49)：5
請輸入你的第 2 個數字 (1-49)：8
請輸入你的第 3 個數字 (1-49)：19
請輸入你的第 4 個數字 (1-49)：20
請輸入你的第 5 個數字 (1-49)：45
請輸入你的第 6 個數字 (1-49)：48
請輸入你的特別號碼 (1-49)：25
你的選號為： [5, 8, 19, 20, 45, 48] 特別號是： 25
本期中獎號碼為： [6, 8, 20, 33, 46, 49] 特別號是： 25
你猜對了 2 個數字 和特別號
```python
import random
def generate_lottery_numbers():
lottery_numbers = random.sample(range(1, 50), 7)
return sorted(lottery_numbers[:6]), lottery_numbers[6]
def check_numbers(player_numbers, player_special, winning_numbers, winning_special):
correct_numbers = len(set(player_numbers).intersection(set(winning_numbers)))
correct_special = 1 if player_special == winning_special else 0
return correct_numbers, correct_special
def simulate_lottery():
winning_numbers, winning_special = generate_lottery_numbers()
player_numbers = []
for i in range(6):
while True:
try:
number = int(input(f"請輸入你的第 {i+1} 個數字 (1-49)："))
if number < 1 or number > 49:
raise ValueError
if number in player_numbers:
raise ValueError("數字重複選擇")
player_numbers.append(number)
break
except ValueError:
print("請輸入有效的數字並避免重複選擇")
while True:
try:
special = int(input("請輸入你的特別號碼 (1-49)："))
if special < 1 or special > 49:
raise ValueError
break
except ValueError:
print("請輸入有效的特別號碼")
# 顯示開獎號碼
print("\n本期大樂透開獎中...")
input("按下 Enter 顯示開獎號碼...")
print("本期中獎號碼為：", winning_numbers, "特別號是：", winning_special)
# 檢查中獎
correct_numbers, correct_special = check_numbers(player_numbers, special, winning_numbers, winning_special)
# 輸出結果
print("\n你的選號為：", sorted(player_numbers), "特別號是：", special)
print("\n你猜對了", correct_numbers, "個數字和", "特別號" if correct_special else "沒有特別號")
simulate_lottery()
```
請輸入你的第 1 個數字 (1-49)：7
請輸入你的第 2 個數字 (1-49)：15
請輸入你的第 3 個數字 (1-49)：26
請輸入你的第 4 個數字 (1-49)：28
請輸入你的第 5 個數字 (1-49)：35
請輸入你的第 6 個數字 (1-49)：41
請輸入你的特別號碼 (1-49)：42
本期大樂透開獎中...
按下 Enter 顯示開獎號碼...
本期中獎號碼為： [12, 16, 22, 23, 29, 34] 特別號是： 44
你的選號為： [7, 15, 26, 28, 35, 41] 特別號是： 42
你猜對了 0 個數字和 沒有特別號
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