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Excel_統計_簡單線性回歸_檢量線

LHB阿好伯, 2020/05/29

tags: Excel

檢量線(Calibration curve)
又稱校正曲線或稱標準曲線(Standard curve)。
指以一系列已知濃度待測物標準品與其相對應之儀器訊號值(在內標準品校正時為對內標準品之濃度比值與相對應訊號比值)間之關係,製備成曲線或計算其校正因子或感應因子。

檢量線(外標準法)的製作主要是為了得到訊號和濃度確切關係。通常配置各種不同濃度(至少5個)的標準樣品溶液( x值),並用儀器測得其訊號( y值),若濃度和訊號間呈線性關係,則各濃度訊號及濃度的比值應該是完全相同。
但因測量本身就有其誤差,所以比值未必相同,因此常使用"最小平方法"來找出濃度和訊號間的關係式,採用誤差平 方和是為了避免正負誤差之間互相抵銷。
"最小平方法所找的就是使誤差平方和(或其平均) 最小的那條直線"

前面說了一些可能你不懂得,但在講解Excel中的操作步驟希望大家可以了解最後數據呈現的意義

Fig 1. 資料建立,x為標準品配置濃度,y為儀器吸光值*

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Fig 2. 圈選所需數據儲存格 -> 插入 -> 散佈圖

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Fig 3. 可以看到Excel將圖表數據以明顯的顏色框起來

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Fig 4. 小技巧:Excel 可以再以滑鼠拖拉其圖表資料範圍

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Fig 5. 加入趨勢線,即為檢量線

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Fig 6. 選擇其他選項

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Fig 7. 點選後就可以得到其檢量線方程式

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Fig 8. 則設定截距可以強制使回歸線通過原點

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結果說明:
檢量線𝑦=𝑚𝑥+𝑏 m=斜率 b=截距 x=sample濃度 y=儀器訊號強度

R²:線性迴歸係數
代表檢量線的線性程度但訊號和濃度高低不會一致,R²必須大於0.99甚至0.995才算一個可用的檢量線

延伸閱讀:Excel_檢量線延伸3_分享大學實驗所做的模板_檢量線、溶液配置、溫度換算、MDL

*因本身為環工背景,所以為我們常用的單位來說明

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