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title: Main Study

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# Main Study
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A total of 577 sets of questionnaires were sent out through email to respondents that work in the medical device industry in the UAE.  The total data respondents collected were 230 sets.

The data were analyzed with sample profile analysis, descriptive analysis, normality test, and hypothesis testing.  The hypothesis tests included an independent sample t-test, a one-way ANOVA, and a linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses.  Data analysis was conducted using the IBM® Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®) software version 2021.

# Sample Profile Analysis

According to the results, among 230 respondents, 152 respondents belonged to the 30 to 39 age group. While 46 respondents belonged to the 40 to 49 age group, 27 respondents were in the 20 to 29 age group and five respondents were 50 to 59 age group (see Figure 20).  Concerning the respondents’ gender in Figure 21, 181 respondents were male, over three-quarters of the study participants. Females represented 21.3 percent of the study participants, with 49 respondents.

When asked about the education level, the highest number of respondents came from employees holding a bachelor’s degree with 137 respondents (59.6 percent), followed by those holding a postgraduate degree with 85 respondents (37.0 percent).  Only five respondents (2.2 percent) held a college diploma, two respondents (0.9 percent) held a high school certificate and only one respondent (0.4 percent) held a secondary school certificate.

Concerning Employee Investments, 102 respondents (44.3 percent) had been with their companies for more than six years.  Subsequently, 35 respondents (15.2 percent) had been at the current job for one to two years only, 33 respondents (14.3 percent) had been for three to four years only, 31 respondents (13.5 percent) had been for four to five years only, and 29 respondents (12.6 percent) had been at the current job for less than one year only.

While looking at the overall medical device industry experience, this analysis showed that 186 respondents (80.9 percent) had more than six years of experience in this field.  Subsequently, 20 respondents (8.7 percent) had four to five years of experience only, 13 respondents (5.7 percent) had three to four years of experience only, six respondents (2.6 percent) had one to two years of experience only, and five respondents (2.2 percent) had less than one year of experience only in the medical device industry.

When looking at the profile from the non-work influences section, 154 participants (67.0 percent) were married with kids; while 45 respondents (19.5 percent) were single, 29 respondents (12.6 percent) were married with no kids, and only two respondents (0.9 percent) were separated with kids.

Most of the participants (99.1 percent) had the employment status as full-time while only two participants (0.9 percent) worked part-time.  105 participants (45.7 percent) were working in huge companies with more than 100 employees.  53 respondents (23.0 percent) were working at companies with 10-49 employees only, 51 respondents (22.2  percent) were working at companies with 50-100 employees only, and 21 participants (9.1 percent) were working at small companies with less than 10 employees in total.

As for the income, the majority with 105 respondents (45.7 percent) came from the mid-range paid employee in the range of 10,000 - 25,999 AED, followed by 81 respondents (35.1 percent) that earned in the range of 26,000 - 50,000 AED. 23 of the participants (10.0 percent) were in the high range of paid employees in the medical device industry in the UAE earning more than 50,000 AED, while 21 participants (9.1 percent) earned less than 10,000 AED.

# Descriptive Analysis

In the current study, the potential lowest and maximum values should be between one and seven, which correspond to the start and endpoints of the 7-point Likert Scale. 

The mean is the most often used measure of central tendency since it averages all of the values in the data set. In these results, the mean LOC that was the perception of the employee about his company having a prime location was at M = 5.935, which was the highest among all other variables.  This mean result was closer to six which meant that most respondents “agree” about their company being located in a prime location.  Similarly, CAtt, OC, and PEP had means closer to 6, which meant that the respondents “agree” about their company’s role when it came to these factors.

While FLEX, OJ, JS, ER, and CAdv had means closer to 5, which on a 7-point Likert Scale corresponded to “slightly agree”.  This meant that the respondents “slightly agree” about their company’s role when it came to these factors.  Respondents stayed “neutral” mostly when asked about their opinion about their organization’s role when it came to LOA as the mean value was M = 3.979, which was closer to four that corresponded to “neutral” on a 7-point Likert Scale.  Finally, when asked about their intention to leave their current job, the respondents were leaning more toward “neutral” than “slightly disagree” as the mean was M = 3.775. 

# Normality Test

The mean scores of variables were next submitted to normality testing to ensure their eligibility for further statistical analysis.  The normality of the variables’ scores was assessed.  The skewness and kurtosis scores indicated that all the scores were normally distributed.

#  Hypothesis Testing

There were three types of variables involved, the independent variables, the control variables, and the dependent variable.  The independent variables were made up of five factors and 10 sub-factors. Each sub-factor has its corresponding items.  The factors were Job-related Factors, Performance Appraisal and Feedback, Lack of Recognition, Lack of Personal and Professional Advancement, and Lack of Effective Communication.  The sub-factors were Perceived External Prestige, Location, Flextime, Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Extrinsic Rewards, Career Advancement, Lack of Alternatives, and Constituent Attachments.  The control variable was the demographics, and the dependent variable was Turnover Intention.  52 questions (items) of the questionnaire had their scores of Likert points summed up under their respective group of factors.

In this section, hypothesis testing will be done by applying different statistical methods based on hypothesis requirements.  These tests include the independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and simple linear regression.


