---
tags: Linux, Vagrant
---
# 使用vagrant打造个人开发环境
Vagrant是[hashicorp](https://www.hashicorp.com/)公司的产品，这家公司很牛，主要做数据中心PAAS和虚拟化，有很多大名鼎鼎的产品，Consul/Vault/Nomad/Terraform。
我们使用Vagrant来管理各种虚拟机环境，它可以兼容市面上几乎所有的主流虚拟机平台，如VirtualBox、VMware、AWS等，好处是你再也不用在虚拟机GUI上进行各种繁琐操作，通过简单的配置文件就可以打造可移植和可复用的虚拟机软件环境。Vagrant不能单独使用，需要借助虚拟软件，例如我现在使用的VirtualBox。
## 前提条件
:::success
提前安装好这两个软件[VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads)和[Vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads)，完成后重启电脑。
:::
重启后，我们先修改一下VirtualBox的默认虚拟机位置，防止把虚拟机安装到系统盘，导致系统盘空间紧张。
- 不要设置成系统盘
- 最好使用固态硬盘分区，访问速度快些
## Vagrant
安装一些辅助插件
```bash=
vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest
vagrant vbguest --do install --no-cleanup
```
### Vagrantfile
Vagrantfile是用来定义vagrant project的，使用ruby语法，不过你不必了解ruby就可以写一个Vagrantfile。
直接看这个例子，也是我正在使用的配置：
```ruby=
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
config.vm.box = "centos/7"
config.vbguest.installer_options = { allow_kernel_upgrade: true }
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# 获取和宿主机统一网段的ip地址，相当于一台真实的和宿主机一样的内网服务器了
config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
config.vm.synced_folder "../code/", "/data", create: true
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# 分配虚拟机系统资源 内存和CPU
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "4096"
vb.cpus = 2
end
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Ansible, Chef, Docker, Puppet and Salt are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
yum install -y epel-release wget curl sysstat iostat telnet tree net-tools iftop lrzsz unzip lsof procps git
yum update -y
SHELL
end
```
:::info
**重要配置**
`config.vm.synced_folder "../code/", "/data"` 宿主机和虚拟机目录同步配置，这个的好处是在宿主机编辑代码，直接可以在虚拟机里面运行。
- *第一个参数* 是相对vagrant安装目录的地址，我这里的vagrant安装在`D:\HashiCorp`，而我的代码全部在`D:\code`，因此我就配置的`../code/`
- *第二个参数* 是虚拟机挂载宿主机目录，一般配置一个你喜欢的绝对地址就好，我使用的是`/data`目录
:::
一些常用控制服务的命令
:::success
命令的操作前提是当前目录要在Vagrantfile文件所在的目录。
:::
```bash
# 初始化
vagrant init
# 启动虚拟机
vagrant up
# 登录虚拟机
vagrant ssh
# 重启虚拟机
vagrant reload
# 初始化虚拟机的环境，前提是有配置
vagrant provision
```
## 收尾操作
- 使用`vagrant ssh`登录虚拟机后，建议修改虚拟机的登录为账号密码登录。
```bash
# 切换到root用户
sudo su
# 给vagrant设置密码
passwd vagrant
# 修改sshd配置，开启密码登录
sed 's/^#PasswordAuthentication yes$/PasswordAuthentication yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed 's/^PasswordAuthentication no$/#PasswordAuthentication no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 重启ssh服务
service sshd restart
# 查看ip地址
ip addr
```
此后就可以使用ssh终端登录虚拟机了。
- 如果访问github有问题，可以尝试修改DNS服务器为阿里的
```bash
sudo su
sed 's/^nameserver 10.0.2.3$/nameserver 223.5.5.5/g' /etc/resolv.conf
```
- 安装和配置nodejs环境
```bash
# 安装nvm管理node版本
wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash
export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm
# 使用nvm安装node
nvm install --lts
# 安装全局库
npm install pm2 yarn @nestjs/cli -g
# 配置pm2日志
pm2 install pm2-logrotate
pm2 set pm2-logrotate:max_size 100M
pm2 set pm2-logrotate:rotateInterval '59 59 23 * * *'
pm2 set pm2-logrotate:retain 30
```
- 安装redis
```bash
yum install redis -y
systemctl start redis
```
[如何使用ReJson库？](https://github.com/RedisJSON/RedisJSON)
- 安装rabbitmq
[官方教程](https://www.rabbitmq.com/install-rpm.html)
- 安装mongodb
[官方教程](https://docs.mongodb.com/v4.0/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-red-hat/)
- 编译安装nginx
参考[centos初始化脚本](http://192.168.1.80:8888/linli/ops/blob/master/script/os/init_centos_7.sh)
## 参考
- [Vagrant](https://vagrant.ninghao.net/)
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