# Snake Game
The Snake Game has existed for a long time. You control a snake that grows as you collect food. You cannot run into yourself or the borders of the screen or yourself!

To make this game we are going to use pygame, a python library. Here are some important pygame commands:

### Create the Screen:
To create the screen using Pygame, you will need to make use of the display.set_mode() function. Also, you will have to make use of the init() and the quit() methods to initialize and uninitialize everything at the start and the end of the code. The update() method is used to update any changes made to the screen.

import pygame
pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.quit()
quit()

OUTPUT HERE

But when you run this code, the screen will appear, but it will immediately close as well. To fix that, you should make use of a game loop using the while loop before I actually quit the game as follows:

import pygame
pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')
game_over = False
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        print(event)
 
pygame.quit()
quit()

When you run this code, you will see that the screen that you saw earlier does not quit and also, it returns all the actions that take place over it. I have done that using the event.get() function. Also, I have named the screen as “Snake Game” using the display.set_caption() function.

OUTPUT HERE

Now, you have a screen to play your Snake Game, but when you try to click on the close button, the screen does not close. This is because you have not specified that your screen should exit when you hit that close button. To do that, Pygame provides an event called “QUIT” and it should be used as follows:

import pygame
pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')
game_over = False
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
 
pygame.quit()
quit()

So now your screen is all set. The next part is to draw our snake on the screen which is covered in the following topic.

### Create the Snake:
To create the snake, I will first initialize a few color variables in order to color the snake, food, screen, etc. The color scheme used in Pygame is RGB i.e “Red Green Blue”. In case you set all these to 0’s, the color will be black and all 255’s will be white. So our snake will actually be a rectangle. To draw rectangles in Pygame, you can make use of a function called draw.rect() which will help you draw the rectangle with the desired color and size.

import pygame
pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
 
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')
 
blue = (0,0,255)
red = (255,0,0)
 
game_over = False
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
    pygame.draw.rect(dis,blue,[200,150,10,10])
    pygame.display.update()
pygame.quit()
quit()

OUTPUT HERE

As you can see, the snakehead is created as a blue rectangle. The next step is to get your snake moving.

### Moving the Snake:
To move the snake, you will need to use the key events present in the KEYDOWN class of Pygame. The events that are used over here are, K_UP, K_DOWN, K_LEFT, and K_RIGHT to make the snake move up, down, left and right respectively. Also, the display screen is changed from the default black to white using the fill() method.

I have created new variables x1_change and y1_change in order to hold the updating values of the x and y coordinates.

import pygame
 
pygame.init()
 
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
 
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')
 
game_over = False
 
x1 = 300
y1 = 300
 
x1_change = 0       
y1_change = 0
 
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
 
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                x1_change = -10
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                x1_change = 10
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                y1_change = -10
                x1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                y1_change = 10
                x1_change = 0
 
    x1 += x1_change
    y1 += y1_change
    dis.fill(white)
    pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x1, y1, 10, 10])
 
    pygame.display.update()
 
    clock.tick(30)
 
pygame.quit()
quit()

OUTPUT HERE

### Game Over
In this snake game, if the player hits the boundaries of the screen, then he loses. To specify that, I have made use of an ‘if’ statement that defines the limits for the x and y coordinates of the snake to be less than or equal to that of the screen. Also, make a not over here that I have removed the hardcodes and used variables instead so that it becomes easy in case you want to make any changes to the game later on.

import pygame
import time

pygame.init()
 
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
 
dis_width = 800
dis_height  = 600

dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_width))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')
 
game_over = False
 
x1 = dis_width/2
y1 = dis_height/2
 
snake_block = 10
 
x1_change = 0
y1_change = 0
 
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
snake_speed = 15
 
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 50)
 
def message(msg,color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width/2, dis_height/2])
 
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                x1_change = -snake_block
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                x1_change = snake_block
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                y1_change = -snake_block
                x1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                y1_change = snake_block
                x1_change = 0
 
    if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
        game_over = True
 
    x1 += x1_change
    y1 += y1_change
    dis.fill(white)
    pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x1, y1, snake_block, snake_block])
 
    pygame.display.update()
 
    clock.tick(snake_speed)
 
message("You Lost",red)
pygame.display.update()
time.sleep(2)
 
pygame.quit()
quit()

OUTPUT HERE

### Adding the Food:
Here, I will be adding some food for the snake and when the snake crosses over that food, I will have a message saying “Yummy!!”. Also, I will be making a small change wherein I will include the options to quit the game or to play again when the player loses.

import pygame
import time
import random
 
pygame.init()
 
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
blue = (0, 0, 255)
 
dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600
 
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')
 
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
 
snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15
 
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 30)
 
 
def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width/2, dis_height/2])
 
 
def gameLoop():  # this function runs the game
    game_over = False
    game_close = False
 
    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2
 
    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0
 
    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block)
            / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block)
            / 10.0) * 10.0
     # These are wrapped lines: They were too long to be on one line.
     # You can put them on one line. 
     
    while not game_over:
 
        while game_close == True:
            dis.fill(white)
            message("You Lost! Press Q-Quit or C-Play Again", red)
            pygame.display.update()
 
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = False
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:
                        gameLoop()
 
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                game_over = True
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
 
        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = True
 
        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(white)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, blue, [foodx, foody, snake_block, 
                snake_block]) #wrapped
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x1, y1, snake_block, 
                snake_block]) #wrapped
        pygame.display.update()
 
        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            print("Yummy!!")
        clock.tick(snake_speed)
 
    pygame.quit()
    quit()
 
 
gameLoop()

OUTPUT HERE

TERMINAL HERE

### Increasing the Length of the Snake:
The following code will increase the size of our sake when it eats the food. Also, if the snake collides with his own body, the game is over and you ill see a message as “You Lost! Press Q-Quit or C-Play Again“. The length of the snake is basically contained in a list and the initial size that is specified in the following code is one block.

import pygame
import time
import random
 
pygame.init()
 
white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)
 
dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600
 
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')
 
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
 
snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15
 
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms", 35)
 
def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
    for x in snake_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, 
                snake_block]) #wrapped
 
 
def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width/2, dis_height/2])
 
 
def gameLoop():
    game_over = False
    game_close = False
 
    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2
 
    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0
 
    snake_List = []
    Length_of_snake = 1
 
    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block)
            / 10.0) * 10.0 #wrapped
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block)
            / 10.0) * 10.0 #wrapped
 
    while not game_over:
 
        while game_close == True:
            dis.fill(blue)
            message("You Lost! Press C-Play Again or Q-Quit", red)
 
            pygame.display.update()
 
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = False
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:
                        gameLoop()
 
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                game_over = True
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
 
        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = True
        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(blue)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, 
                snake_block]) #wrapped
        snake_Head = []
        snake_Head.append(x1)
        snake_Head.append(y1)
        snake_List.append(snake_Head)
        if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:
            del snake_List[0]
 
        for x in snake_List[:-1]:
            if x == snake_Head:
                game_close = True
 
        our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)
 
 
        pygame.display.update()
 
        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width
                    - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0 #wrapped
            foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height
                    - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0 #wrapped
            Length_of_snake += 1
 
        clock.tick(snake_speed)
 
    pygame.quit()
    quit()
 
 
gameLoop()

OUTPUT HERE

### Displaying the Score:
Last but definitely not the least, you will need to display the score of the player. To do this, I have created a new function as “Your_score”. This function will display the length of the snake subtracted by 1 because that is the initial size of the snake.

import pygame
import time
import random
 
pygame.init()
 
white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)
 
dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600
 
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')
 
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
 
snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15
 
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms", 35)
 
 
def Your_score(score):
    value = score_font.render("Your Score: " + str(score), True,                 yellow) #wrapped
    dis.blit(value, [0, 0])
 
 
 
def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
    for x in snake_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block,                     snake_block]) #wrapped
 
 
def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 2, dis_height / 2])
 
 
def gameLoop():
    game_over = False
    game_close = False
 
    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2
 
    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0
 
    snake_List = []
    Length_of_snake = 1
 
    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) 
            / 10.0) * 10.0 #wrapped
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block)
            / 10.0) * 10.0 #wrapped
 
    while not game_over:
 
        while game_close == True:
            dis.fill(blue)
            message("You Lost! Press C-Play Again or Q-Quit", red)
            Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)
            pygame.display.update()
 
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = False
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:
                        gameLoop()
 
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                game_over = True
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
 
        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = True
        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(blue)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block,                     snake_block]) #wrapped
        snake_Head = []
        snake_Head.append(x1)
        snake_Head.append(y1)
        snake_List.append(snake_Head)
        if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:
            del snake_List[0]
 
        for x in snake_List[:-1]:
            if x == snake_Head:
                game_close = True
 
        our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)
        Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)
 
        pygame.display.update()
 
        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width
                    - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0 #wrapped
            foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height
                    - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0 #wrapped
            Length_of_snake += 1
 
        clock.tick(snake_speed)
 
    pygame.quit()
    quit()
 
 
gameLoop()

OUTPUT HERE

### Congratulations!
You now have a working snake game!

---
[created from edureka snake game with pygame tutorial](https://www.edureka.co/blog/snake-game-with-pygame/)