# Programmable cryptography 1. https://0xparc.org/blog/programmable-cryptography-1 2. In the next few years, more practical programmable cryptography would be through Secured Hardware: https://www.paradigm.xyz/2024/11/the-5-levels-of-secure-hardware 3. progcrypto event (Nov 2023): https://progcrypto.org/ ## Interested participants 1. 0xPARC (https://0xparc.org/): grants to advance cryptography 2. Etherum foundation 3. StarkWare foundation: sắp có chương trình grant 500k$ cho zk - based privacy consumer apps 4. https://www.arcium.com/ : privacy - preserving computation (total raised $9 millions, 2024) 5. https://www.fhenix.io/ : use FHE to build fully confidential, end-to-end encrypted smart contracts (total raised $22 millions, 2024) 6. https://www.zama.ai/ : open source cryptography company building state-of-the-art FHE solutions for blockchain and AI (total raised $81 millions, 2024) 7. https://renegade.fi/ : an on-chain dark pool, a new type of decentralized exchange built on Arbitrum, prevent MEV (total raised $3.4 millions, 2023) 8. https://www.orochi.network/ : privacy - preserving data infrastructure (raised $12 millions, 2025) ## Technical summary **Special-purpose cryptography** to **programmable cryptography**? * what is special-purpose cryptography? allow us to perform _a single operation_ with cryptographic guarantees * what is programmable cryptography? allow us to perform general-purpose computation inside or on top of cryptographic protocols ![programmable-cryptography](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJ_HQgJj1e.png) **How come people think of this?** The transition from special-purpose hardware to programmable, general-purpose hardware was a landmark shift for computing—think of the leap from an alarm clock to a CPU. As a result of these recent advancements in cryptography, we are on the cusp of a similar transition, but at the level of information rather than physical hardware. **Potentials?** 1. Universal Protocol 2. Hallucinated Servers 3. Cryptomata Over the next 50 years, programmable cryptography may enable us to make the leap from cryptographic data to cryptographic _compute_: humanity's most important digital _programs_, and not just its digital traffic, may become cryptographic-by-default as well. DevCon 2024 is the testing ground for programmable cryptography to benchmark infrastructures and how a community would interact with ZK applications. ## Usecases 1. Primary DeFi usecases + privacy 2. Secondary DeFi usecases + privacy