# Government reforms:

## Hydraulic kingdom:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_empire

Adapting to the dryness
-10% dev cost, +2 diplo rep, - atrittion

# Formables
South-East Africa

## Mapungubwe
(Hydraulic) kingdom
Formable when holding the entire Butua, Lower Zambezi and Zimbabwe areas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe

Conventional wisdom has it that Mapungubwe means "place of jackals," or alternatively, "place where jackals eat", thavha ya dzi phunguhwe, or, according to Fouché—one of the earliest excavators of Mapungubwe—"hill of the jackals" (Fouché, 1937 p. 1). It also means "place of wisdom" and "the place where the rock turns into liquid"—from various ethnicities in the region including the Pedi, Sotho, Venda and Kalanga.
The people of the K2 culture, probably derived from the ancestral Khoi culture[citation needed], were attracted to the Shashi-Limpopo area, likely because it provided mixed agricultural possibilities.[4] The area was also prime elephant country, providing access to valuable ivory. The control of the gold and ivory trade greatly increased the political power of the K2 culture.
Mapungubwean society is thought by archaeologists to be the first class-based social system in southern Africa; that is, its leaders were separated from and higher in rank than its inhabitants. Mapungubwe's architecture and spatial arrangement also provide "the earliest evidence for sacred leadership in southern Africa".[9]
Life in Mapungubwe was centred on family and farming. Special sites were created for initiation ceremonies, household activities, and other social functions. Cattle lived in kraals located close to the residents' houses, signifying their value.

Place of wisdom: 10% reduction in either tech costs or idea costs
The place where the rock turns into liquid: -10% dev cost
Sacred leaders +legitimacy
Hill of the Jackals: +1 attrition for enemies
Mixed agricultural possibilities: +production?
Elephant country: +1 or 2 diplo rep
Gold: -inflation
Orderly society bladibla classes give societal unity bladibla +1 culture slot or -stability cost modifier or something

## Rozvi
Admin tech 20? formable for Butua, Mutapa, Lundu, Maravi, Tumbuka if fetishist and all the respective capitals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozvi_Empire

The Rozvi kings revived the tradition of building in stone and constructed impressive cities, now known as 'zimbabwes', throughout the southwest. Polychrome pottery was also emblematic of its culture. The Rozvi empire had many economic branches but agriculture was its backbone. They planted crops such as sorghum and millet and the state depended heavily on subsistence farming. Livestock was also another important agricultural branch. Trade was another important economic activity and the Rozvi practiced both internal and external trade. From foreign traders they obtained imported goods such as guns, salt, beads and sea shells; in return they bartered ivory, copper and gold. Mining was another major branch and was done by males. The warriors were armed with spears, shields, bows and arrows when they raided others or defended their state.
Its warriors were known to be violent; this earned them the name rozvi, meaning plunders or destroyers. They became the most powerful fighting force in the whole of Zimbabwe.[4]
The economic power of the Rozvi empire was based on cattle wealth and farming, with significant gold mining. They established connections with Arab traders, in which valuable items such as gold, copper, and ivory were exchanged for imported luxury goods.[citation needed]
Records from the Portuguese show that the Rozvi were sophisticated military strategists. They were noted for using the cow-horn formation years before the great Zulu leader Shaka adopted it in the 19th century. Armed with spears, shields, bows and arrows, the aggressive Rozvi took over the Zimbabwe plateau

Bull horn formation +mil tactics? +discipline?
Ferocious warriors +10% morale
Arabian trade +institution spread/domestic trade power
Agricultural dominance -dev cost
Stonework -building cost
Violent plunderers faster plundering? Ability to raze cities?
Mines of Zimbabwe -inflation

## Madagasikara
Adm 12, own all of madagascar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merina_Kingdom#Kingdom_of_Madagascar

Imperial slavery expeditions +10% morale
Eminence of the Aristocracy +1 prestige/legitimacy
Masters of our land -10% dev cost Madagascars flora and fauna are unique, and we are the only ones in the world who could tame it.
Subjugation of the kingdoms -2 unrest
Uniting the fragmented tribes -0,5 autonomy
Sponsor the blacksmiths if the Europeans won’t sell us their guns, we’ll make them ourselves! -10 infantry cost
The Royal Standing Army +10% inf combat abiltiy
The twelve sacred hills of Imerina +2 tolerance of heathens or +15% religious unity