### Plasma bottleneck:
- Large client-side data storage costs
- **Fundamental limitations of Plasma that make it hard to generalize beyond payments (EVM)**

### Challenges regarding generalizing plasma to EVM (hard)
- State objects in the EVM do not have a clear "owner"
- EVM does not attempt to limit dependencies
- Unbounded dependencies in the EVM make it much harder to have aligned incentives to prove validity

### How validity proofs can alleviate many of these problems?
- Prove the validity of each Plasma block on chain
- Withdrawals from the most recent state are not subject to not-latest-owner challenges -> **withdrawals can be instant!**

### Limits of EVM plasma schemes
- NOT able to provide full security guarantees to all users -> situations where a particular state object does not have a clear economic "owner", for example collateralized debt position or privacy systems (eg. Tornado Cash, privacy pools or uniswap LP positions)

### Conclusions
- Plasma is underrated
- Rollups remain the gold standard
- **Plasma can be a significant security upgrade for chains that would otherwise be validiums**