計算機概論-Lab5 - HackMD

<style> .command { display: inline-block; font-size: 24px; color: black; background-color: white; padding: 7px; border-radius: 10px; margin: 5px; } </style> ## 計算機概論Lab-5 ##### HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE AND DATA MANIPULATION ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJPZqstkye.png) <p>https://hackmd.io/@IMOK/Lab5</p> --- <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryUSIqnJT.jpg" width=400 style="border-radius:1000px;"/> 講師: 賴昱有 --- ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJPF9jYkJl.png) --- #### 程式語言對於硬體的抽象程度 + <font size=6>機器語言(低) </font> * <div style="display:inline-block; font-size:24px; color:black; background-color:white;padding: 7px;border-radius: 10px;"> 0010111010100100 </div> + <font size=6> 組合語言</font> * <div style="display:inline-block; font-size:24px; color:black; background-color:white;padding: 7px;border-radius: 10px;"> MOVE R0, R5 </div> + <font size=6> 高級語言(高)</font> * <div style="display:inline-block; font-size:24px; color:black; background-color:white;padding: 7px;border-radius: 10px;"> int a = 0; </div> --- ## 組合語言 <font size =5>通常組成形式為</font> <div style="display:inline-block; font-size:24px; color:black; background-color:white;padding: 7px;border-radius: 10px;"> 指令 [參數一][, 參數二][, 參數三]</div> <br> <font size =5>e.g.</font> <div style="display:inline-block; font-size:24px; color:black; background-color:white;padding: 7px;border-radius: 10px;"> ADDI R2, R0, R1 </div> ---- ### 簡單的加法 #### 組合語言: ``` LOAD R0, [0x60] LOAD R1, [0x61] ADDI R2, R0, R1 STORE R2, [0x62] HALT ``` #### 對應解釋: ```= 將記憶體 60 中的值 load 到 Register R0 中將記憶體 61 中的值 load 到 Register R1 中將 Register R0 及 R1 整數相加後存到 Register R2 中將 Register R2 的值存回記憶體 62 中停止 ``` --- <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hk2Gy-9y1x.png" width=700/> ---- <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Skdt1Z9JJx.png" width=300/> ---- <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkXqCe51kl.png" width=200/> #### Program counter(PC) <font size=5>address of next instruction</font> <br> #### Instruction register(IR) <font size=5>current instruction</font> --- 指令表僅限於今天會使用到的模擬軟體實際上的組合語言會有多種不同指令集 R, S, T 皆代表 Register ---- <style> table { width: 85%; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 2; /* 行距 */ } th, td { font-size: 24px; /* 字體大小 */ } </style> | 指令 | 解釋 | | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | | LOAD R, [0xXY] | 將記憶體 XY 中的值填入 Register R | | LOAD R, XY | 將值 XY 填入 Register R | | STORE R, [0xXY] | 將 Register R 的值存入記憶體 XY 中 | | MOVE S, R | 將 Register R 的值存入 Register S 中 | | ADDI R, S, T | 將 Register S 及 T 整數相加後存到 Register R 中 | | ADDF R, S, T | 將 Register S 及 T 浮點數相加後存到 Register R 中 | | OR R, S, T | 將 Register S 及 T 做 OR 後存到 Register R 中 | | AND R, S, T | 將 Register S 及 T 做 AND 後存到 Register R 中 | | XOR R, S, T | 將 Register S 及 T 做 XOR 後存到 Register R 中 | | ROR R, X | 將 Register R 中的值 Rotate X 次 | ---- <style> table { width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 2; /* 行距 */ } th, td { font-size: 16px; /* 字體大小 */ } </style> | 指令 | 解釋 | | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | | JMPEQ R=R0, F | 若 Register R 等於 Register R0 將程式跳到 Flag F | | HALT | 停止 | | LOAD R, [S] | 將 Register S 中的值作為記憶體位址並將其中的值填入 Register R<br>e.g. S 中值為 65 就將記憶體 65 中的值填入 R | | STORE R, [S] | 將 Register S 中的值作為記憶體位址並將 Register R 的值填入其中<br>e.g. S 中值為 65 就將 R 中的值填入記憶體 65 | | JMPLE R<=R0, XY | 若 Register R 小於等於 Register R0 將程式跳到 Flag F | | JMP F | 將程式跳到 Flag F | | DB F | Define Byte | ---- ### 三種不同的定址方法 - <font size="6">Immediate Addressing</font> - <font size="6">load R1, 0x64</font> - <font size="6">Direct Addressing</font> - <font size="6">load R1, [0x64]</font> - <font size="6">Indirect Addressing</font> - <font size="6">load R1, [R5]</font> --- ## BRANCHING <div style="width: 400px; float: left; margin:0px 20px 0px 50px;"> <font size="6">在 C 語言中:</font> <pre style="font-size: 20px;"> <code>if(...) do something else do another thing </code> </pre> </div> <div style="width: 400px; float: left; margin: 0px;"> <font size="6">組合語言:</font> <pre style="font-size: 20px;"> <code>main: LOAD R0, [0x60] LOAD R1, [0x61] JMPEQ R1=R0, equal JMP noteq equal: LOAD R2, [0x62] ADDI R3, R1, R2 STORE R3, [0x70] HALT noteq: LOAD R2, [0x63] ADDI R3, R1, R2 STORE R3, [0x70] HALT </code> </pre> </div> --- ## LOOPING <div style="width: 400px; float: left; margin:0px 20px 0px 50px;"> <font size="6">在 C 語言中:</font> <pre style="font-size: 20px;"> <code>for(int a = 0; a < 10; a++) do something </code> </pre> </div> <div style="width: 400px; float: left; margin: 0px;"> <font size="6">組合語言:</font> <pre style="font-size: 20px;"> <code>main: LOAD R0, [0x60] LOAD R1, 1 LOAD R2, 1 JMP loop loop: ADDI R1, R1, R2 JMPLE R1<=R0, loop JMP out out: HALT </code> </pre> </div> --- ## 作業網站作業做完請上傳到 http://140.121.197.13/tutorial 並且注意上傳時間限制、檔名、其他規範上課時提前做完可以直接給助教 demo 登記就不需要上傳 demo 過的部分 ---- ## Question 1 <font size=5> Write a program to compute the <div class="command">XOR</div> value of address <div class="command">0x6C</div>, <div class="command">0x6D</div>, <br>and store the results in address <div class="command">0x6E</div> </font> ---- ## Question 2 <font size=5>Write a program to swap the values of memory location of <div class="command">0xA0</div> and <div class="command">0xB0</div>. </font> ---- ## Question 3 <font size=5>Fill in the values <div class="command">0x1</div>, <div class="command">0x2</div>, <div class="command">0x3</div>, <div class="command">0x4</div>, <div class="command">0x5</div>, <div class="command">0x6</div>, <div class="command">0x7</div>, <div class="command">0x8</div>, <div class="command">0x9</div>, <div class="command">0xA</div> into the memory location starting from <div class="command">0x50</div>. Write a assembly program and add the values within the memory locations <div class="command">0x50</div> to <div class="command">0x59</div> and store it into memory location <div class="command">0x40</div>. </font> ---- ## Question 4 <font size=5> Write a program to add the values of 1 to x, <br>where 1 ≤ x ≤ 20. (x can be stored in some register) </font> ---- ## Question 5 <font size=5> For the program below, instead of adding <br>the value of memory address <div class="command">0x6C</div> and <div class="command">0x6D</div>, (<div class="command">0x6C</div> + <div class="command">0x6D</div>),<br> change the program with the available instructions to do subtraction,<br> i.e., <div class="command">0x6C</div> - <div class="command">0x6D</div>. </font> ``` load R5, [0x6C]; Load the value of memory address 0x6C into R5 load R6, [0x6D]; Load the value of memory address 0x6D into R6 addi R0, R5, R6; Adds the value of R5 and R6 and store i t in R0 store R0, [0x6E]; Stores the value of R0 to memory address 0x6E halt ``` ---- ## Question 6(Hard) <font size=5> Write a program to perform bubble sort<br> within the memory locations of <div class="command">0xC0</div> to <div class="command">0xCF</div>.<br> (Requires using <div class="command">load R, [S]</div> and <div class="command">store R, [S]</div>) </font> <font size = 5>hint : [bubble sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dv4qLJcxus8)</font>