<style> .command { display: inline-block; font-size: 24px; color: black; background-color: white; padding: 7px; border-radius: 10px; margin: 5px; } </style> ## 計算機概論Lab-11 ### LINUX-2  <p>https://hackmd.io/@IMOK/Lab11</p> --- <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryUSIqnJT.jpg" width=400 style="border-radius:1000px;"/> 講師: 賴昱有 --- ### HOW TO 魔改 TERMINAL ---- ### Bash vs Z Shell <div style="float: left;margin : 0px 0px px 20px"> <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJVmpwc71e.png" width=500 style="margin : 20px 0px 0px 0px"/> </div> <div style="margin : 0px 0px 0px 0px"> <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJom6P97kg.png" width=400 style="margin : 20px 0px 0px 0px"/> </div> ---- + <font size = 5> login shell 改成 zsh</font> + <font size = 5><span class="command">chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh</span></font> + <font size = 5>安裝 oh-my-zsh</font> + <font size = 5><span class="command">sh -c "$(curl -fsSL `https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh`)"</span></font> + <font size = 5>安裝 zsh theme (我用 Powerlevel10k)</font> + <font size = 5><span class="command">git clone --depth=1 `https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git` ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k</span></font> ---- + <font size = 5> 編輯 ~/.zshrc 修改 theme</font> + <font size = 5><span class="command">ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"</span></font> + <font size = 5>重整 shell</font> + <font size = 5><span class="command">exec $SHELL</span></font> + <font size = 5>安裝 zsh-syntax-highlighting</font> + <font size = 5><span class="command">git clone `https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git`</span></font> + <font size = 5><span class="command">echo "source ${(q-)PWD}/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh" >> \${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.zshrc</span></font> + 載入設定檔 + <font size = 5><span class="command">source ~/.zshrc</span></font> ----  --- ### SSH <font size = 5>用法 : <span class="command">ssh {user}@{host}</span></font> <font size = 5>e.g. <span class="command">ssh b0135XXXX@linux.aclab.cool</span></font> <font size = 5>or 使用 GUI (Bitvise SSh Client)</font> --- ## VIM <font size = 6 >文字介面編輯器</font> ---- <div style="text-align: center;"> <font size =7 style="margin : 0px 0px 0px 40px">分成三種模式</font> <br> <br> <ul> <li>normal mode</li> <li>edit mode</li> <li>visual mode</li> </ul> </div> <br> <font size = 6 >一開始是 normal mode 按 <span class="command">i</span> 進入 edit mode</font> <font size = 6 >按 <span class="command">ESC</span> 回到 normal mode</font> ---- <font size = 6 >在 normal mode 打冒號可以輸入指令</font> <style> table { width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.5; /* 行距 */ } th, td { font-size: 28px; /* 字體大小 */ } </style> | Command | Description | | ------- | ----------- | | :w | 儲存 | | :wq | 儲存並退出 | | :q! |不儲存退出 | ---- <font size = 5 >vim 是個很強大的編輯器</font> <font size = 5 >在 normal mode 可以用的指令還有連技超多</font> <font size = 5 >如果想了解的可以看看 這個[Vim](https://mropengate.blogspot.com/2015/07/vim-ch2.html)</font> <font size = 5 >推薦要學 只能用文字介面的時候非常好用</font> --- ### JOE <font size = 5 >另一個文字介面編輯器</font> <font size = 5 ><span class="command">joe filename.txt</span></font> <style> table { width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.5; /* 行距 */ } th, td { font-size: 28px; /* 字體大小 */ } </style> | operation | description | | --------- | ---------------- | | Ctrl+K,H | show help | | Ctrl+K,F | search text | | Ctrl+K,L | go to line | | Ctrl+K,S | save file | | Ctrl+K,X | save file and exit editor | | Ctrl+Y| delete a line | --- ### COMMANDS <font size = 5 >如果不知道指令怎麼用 請參考</font> <font size = 5 ><span class="command">command --help</span></font> <font size = 5 ><span class="command">man command</span></font> --- ### Quick search table ---- <style> table { width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.5; /* 行距 */ } th, td { font-size: 28px; /* 字體大小 */ } </style> | command | usage | description | | ------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | | chsh | chsh /bin/tcsh | 修改預設登入 shell | | passwd | passwd | 修改密碼 | | chmod | chmod 664 file | 修改檔案權限 | | cd | cd directory | 進入資料夾 | | pwd | pwd | 顯示目前的目錄位置 | | echo | echo "hello world" | 輸出文字 | | cat | cat file | 檢視檔案內容 | | less | less file | 另開分頁查看內容 | ---- <style> table { width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.5; /* 行距 */ } th, td { font-size: 28px; /* 字體大小 */ } </style> | command | usage | description | | ------- | ------------------------ | -------------------- | | head | head -n 10 file | 檢視檔案前10行 | | tail | tail -n 10 file | 檢視檔案最後10行 | | grep | grep "apple" example.txt | 擷取有關鍵字的那一行 | | cp | cp file file_copy | 複製檔案 | | mv | mv file file_moved | 移動、重新命名檔案 | | mkdir | mkdir directory | 創建資料夾 | | rmdir | rmdir directory | 刪除空目錄 | | touch | touch file | 創建檔案 | | rm | rm file | 刪除檔案 | ---- <style> table { width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.5; /* 行距 */ } th, td { font-size: 28px; /* 字體大小 */ } </style> | command | usage | description | | -------- | ------------------------ | -------------------- | | chsh |chsh /bin/tcsh | 修改預設登入 shell | | ypchsh | ypchsh /bin/tcsh | 在 NIS 機器上修改預設登入 shell | | passwd | passwd | 修改密碼 | | yppasswd | yppasswd | 在 NIS 機器上修改密碼 | | ls | ls -l | 列出當前目錄下的檔案 | | ll | ll | ls -l的縮寫 | ---- | command | usage | description | | ------- | -------------------- | ------------------ | | vim | vim file | 使用 vim 編輯檔案 | | df | df -h | 列出磁碟剩餘空間 | | du | du –max-depth 1 -h . | 列出資料夾所占空間 | | free | free -h | 列出記憶體使用狀況 | | who | who | 查看目前登入使用者 | | gcc | gcc main.c | 編譯 c 語言檔案 | | g++ | g++ main.cpp | 編譯 c++ 語言檔案 | ---- | command | description | | ------- | ------------------ | | gcc file.c | 編譯 file.c，生成默認執行檔 a.out | | gcc -o output file.c | 編譯 file.c，輸出執行檔為 output | | gcc -c file.c | 只編譯生成目標檔案 file.o 不連結| | gcc -E file.c -o file.i | 只進行預處理，輸出為 file.i | | gcc -S file.c | 只產生組合語言檔案 file.s | | gcc -v file.c | 顯示詳細編譯過程 | ---- <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJAT8nqXJg.png" width=400 style="margin : 0px 0px 0px 0px"/> --- #### DF <font size = 5 >列出磁碟剩餘空間</font> <font size = 5 >e.g.<span class="command">df -h</span></font> #### DU <font size = 5 >列出資料夾所占空間</font> <font size = 5 >e.g.<span class="command"> du --max-depth 1 -h .</span></font> #### FREE <font size = 5 >列出記憶體使用狀況</font> <font size = 5 >e.g. <span class="command">free -h</span></font> ---- #### GCC <font size = 5 >編譯 c 語言檔案</font> <font size = 5 >e.g. <span class="command">gcc main.c</span></font> #### G++ <font size = 5 >編譯 c++ 語言檔案</font> <font size = 5 >e.g. <span class="command">g++ main.cpp</span></font> --- #### PROCESSES AND JOBS ---- <font size = 5 >在指令後面加上<span class="command"> & </span>可以放到背景執行</font> <font size = 5 >e.g. <span class="command">sleep 60 &</span></font> <font size = 5 >用<span class="command"> ps </span>列出當前所有 process</font> <font size = 5 >用<span class="command"> jobs </span>可以看到正在背景執行的 process</font> <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJxvL_q71e.png" width=400 style="margin : 0px 0px 0px 0px"/> ---- <font size = 5 >執行程式時可以用組合鍵<span class="command"> Ctrl+c </span>傳送停止訊號</font> <font size = 5 >或是用<span class="command"> Ctrl+z </span>將程式暫停後放到背景</font> <font size = 5 >放到背景後可以用<span class="command"> fg %1 </span>把它放到前景繼續執行</font> <font size = 5 >或是<span class="command"> bg %1 </span>讓他在背景繼續執行</font> <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryMUOdqmJx.png" width=700 style="margin : 20px 0px 0px 0px"/> ---- <font size = 5 >可以使用<span class="command"> kill %1 </span>對程式發送訊號</font> <font size = 5 ><span class="command">kill </span>並不是只能發送停止訊號</font> <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryPaO_qXkl.png" width=500 style="margin : 20px 0px 0px 0px"/> --- ### REDIRECTION <font size = 5 >overwrite:<span class="command">echo "string" > file.txt</span></font> <font size = 5 >append:<span class="command">echo "string2" >> file.txt</span></font> --- ### PIPE <font size = 5 ><span class="command">cat file.txt | grep "apple"</span></font> <font size = 5 ><span class="command">cat /proc/meminfo | grep Pages | sort</span></font> <font size = 5 ><span class="command">du -d 1 -h | sort -h</span></font> <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hy-Dt_cX1g.png" width=400 style="margin : 0px 0px 0px 0px"/> --- ### WILDCARDS <font size = 5 ><span class="command">ls *.txt</span></font> <font size = 5 ><span class="command">cat file *</span></font> --- ### ARCHIVING [GNU / Linux 各種壓縮與解壓縮指令 - 凍仁的筆記](https://note.drx.tw/2008/04/command.html) + <font size = 5 >打包</font> + <font size = 5 ><span class="command">tar cvf FileName.tar DirName</span></font> + <font size = 5 >解包</font> + <font size = 5 ><span class="command">tar xvf FileName.tar</span></font> + <font size = 5 >打包且壓縮</font> + <font size = 5 ><span class="command">tar zcvf FileName.tar.gz DirName</span></font> + <font size = 5 >解包</font> + <font size = 5 ><span class="command">tar zxvf FileName.tar.gz</span></font> --- ## 作業網站 作業做完請上傳到 http://140.121.197.13/tutorial 並且注意上傳時間限制、檔名、其他規範 上課時提前做完可以直接給助教 demo 登記 就不需要上傳 demo 過的部分 ---- ## Question 1 <font size=6> Count the disk usage of your <span class="command">www</span>directory. </font> ---- ## Question 2 <font size=6>Write a program to find the prime numbers between 1 and 10000 and compile it using gcc or g++. </font> ---- ## Question 3 <font size=6>Execute the file and redirect the output to the file <span class="command">primes.txt</span>. </font> ---- ## Question 4 <font size=6>[Insertion sort intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JU767SDMDvA)</font> <font size=5>Allow the user to input 10 numbers, then sort them using the insertion sort and save the sorted result to a file <span class="command">isort10.txt</span>. </font> ---- ## Question 5 <font size=5>Complete the 99 multiplication table using only one loop and output the result to a file named <span class="command">1loop99.txt</span>.  </font>