---
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tags: 程式線107上
---
# Python 基礎 - 範例
[TOC]
---
## 變數
----
基本賦值
```python
a = 666
```
如果多個變數有相同的值，你可以同時賦予變數值
```python
a = b = c = 20
```
也可以在同一行指定多個變數
```python
a = 87; b = 24.87; c = '血小板'
a, b, c = 87, 24.87, '血小板'
```
----
沒用到的變數記得刪除
```python
del a
```
也可以一次刪除多個
```python
del b, c
```
---
## 多條語句
```python=
a = 1; b = 2; c = 3
```
---
## 多行語句
```python=
a = '1' +\
'2' +\
'3'
b = [1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6]
```
---
## 註解
```python=
a = 1
#我的第一個Python程式
'''
學術單身
'''
"""
我沒有在暗示什麼
"""
```
---
## 型態
----
### 數字
```python=
#int
a = 100
print(a)
print('型態:', type(a))
#float
b = 123.456
print(b)
print('型態:', type(b))
#complex
c = 2+4j
d = complex(5,6)
print(c)
print('型態:', type(c))
print(d)
print('型態:', type(d))
```
----
### 字串
```python=
s = 'asdfghjkl'
a = "qwe"
print('型態:', type(s))
print('型態:', type(a))
print(s[3])
print(s[-3])
print(s[0:5])
print(s[-4:-1])
print(s+a)
print(a*3)
```
----
### 布林
```python=
f = True
print(f)
print('型態:', type(f))
g = False
print(g)
print('型態:', type(g))
```
----
### 列表
----
```python=
a = [1, '2', True, 8.93, 9, 33, 'asd']
b = [5, 6, 7]
print('型態:', type(a))
print(a[2])
print(type(a[3]))
print(a[-4])
print(a[0:3])
print(a[-3:-1])
print(a+b)
print(b * 2)
```
----
```python=
c = [1, 3, 7, 9, 4]
print(c)
c.append(999)
print(c)
c.extend([3,4,5])
print(c)
c.insert(3, 123)
print(c)
c.insert(-2, 789)
print(c)
```
----
```python=
c = [1, 3, 7, 9, 4, 2, 5, 6]
print(c)
del c[1]
print(c)
c.pop()
print(c)
c.pop(3)
print(c)
c.pop(-3)
print(c)
c.remove(7)
print(c)
del c
```
----
```python=
c = [1, 3, 7, 9, 4, 2, 5, 6]
print(c)
c.sort()
print(c)
c.sort(reverse = True)
print(c)
```
----
```python=
c = [1, 3, 7, 9, 4, 2, 5, 6]
print(c)
c.reverse()
print(c)
print(c.index(5))
print(c.count(7))
```
----
### 元組
----
```python=
a = (50)
tup = (50,)
t = (50, 95, 67)
print('型態:', type(a))
print('型態:', type(tup))
print('型態:', type(t))
```
----
```python=
a = (1, '2', True, 8.93, 9, 33, 'asd')
b = (5, 6, 7)
print('型態:', type(a))
print(a[2])
print(type(a[3]))
print(a[-4])
print(a[0:3])
print(a[-3:-1])
print(a+b)
print(b * 2)
```
----
### 字典
----
```python=
d = {1:'345', 2:56.487, '98':'345', 3:345, 3:567}
print('型態:', type(d))
print(d)
print(d[3])
del d['98']
print(d)
del d
```
----
```python=
d = {1:'345', 2:56.487, '98':'345', 3:345, 3:567}
print(d.pop(1))
print(d)
print(d.popitem())
print(d)
d.clear()
print(d)
```
---
## print
```python=
print(666, '血小板我老婆', '有人要玩崩壞3嗎')
print('血小板', '血小板', '血小板', sep="老婆", end="\n\n\n")
a = '崩壞'
b = 3
print("%s %d" % (a, b))
```
---
## 特殊字串
```python=
#如果字串裡要使用到引號，外面包住他的引號要不同
s = '紅血球:"血小板好可愛!!!"'
print(s)
#或是用反斜線
a = '白血球: \'血小板好可愛\''
print(a)
```
---
## 型態轉換
```python=
# 宣告一個整數
a=100
print(a)
print(type(a))
# 將整數轉為浮點數
b = float(a)
print(b)
print(type(b))
# 宣告一個浮點數
c=123.56
print(c)
print(type(c))
# 將浮點數轉為整數
e=int(c)
print(e)
print(type(e))
# 將整數轉為字串
f=str(a)
print(f)
print(type(f))
# 將浮點數轉為字串
g=str(c)
print(g)
print(type(g))
# 將字串轉為整數
h = '123'
i=int(h)
print(i)
print(type(i))
```
---
## 運算式
----
### 算數運算子
```python=
a = 1+2
b = 3-1
c = 3*2
d = 5/3
e = 10%3
f = 7//2
g = 2**3
h = 'hello'
i = 'hackersir'
print(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, sep=' ^_^ ')
print(h+i)
print(h*10)
```
----
### 關係運算子
```python=
a = 1 == 2
b = 1 == 1
c = 1 != 2
d = 1 != 1
e = 1 > 2
f = 2 > 3
g = 1 < 2
h = 3 < 2
print(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h)
```
----
### 邏輯運算子
```python=
a = 1 == 1
print(a)
print(not(a))
b = 1 == 2
print(b)
print(a and b)
print(a and a)
print(a or b)
print(b or b)
print(a or a)
```
----
### 複合指定運算子
```python=
a = b = 3
a = a + 3
b += 3
print(a,b)
a = a - 2
b -= 2
print(a,b)
a = a * 3
b *= 3
print(a,b)
a = a / 4
b /= 4
print(a,b)
a = a % 2
b %= 2
print(a,b)
a = b = 10
a = a // 5
b //= 5
print(a,b)
a = a ** 2
b **= 2
print(a,b)
```
----
### 成員運算子
```python=
s = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(2 in s)
print(6 in s)
print(1 not in s)
print(7 not in s)
for x in s:
print(x)
```
----
### 身分運算子
```python=
x = 1
y = '1'
print(1 is x)
print(1 is y)
print(1 is not x)
print(1 is not y)
```
----
### 位運算子
```python=
a = 60
# 60 = 0011 1100
b = 13
# 13 = 0000 1101
c = 0
c = a & b
print('a & b =', c)
# 12 = 0000 1100
c = a | b
print('a | b =', c)
# 61 = 0011 1101
c = a ^ b
print('a ^ b =', c)
# 49 = 0011 0001
c = ~a
print('~ a =', c)
# -61 = 1100 0011
c = a << 2
print('a << 2 =', c)
# 240 = 1111 0000
c = a >> 2
print('a >> 2 =', c)
# 15 = 0000 1111
```
---
## input
```python=
x = input('輸入:')
print(x)
print(type(x))
```
---
## 判斷式
```python=
x = 99
y = 9
if x > y:
print('x > y')
elif x < y:
print('x < y')
else:
print('x = y')
```
---
## 迴圈
----
### for迴圈
```python=
x = [11, 22, 38]
for y in x:
print(y)
```
----
for-else這邊不舉例
但要注意
for迴圈整個執行完才會執行else
----
### range
```python=
for x in range(6):
print(x)
for y in range(1, 5):
print(y)
for z in range(25, 0, -5):
print(z)
```
----
### while迴圈
```python=
x = 10
while(x > 5):
print(x)
x = x - 1
```
----
while-else這邊不舉例
但要注意
while迴圈整個執行完才會執行else
---
## 函數
```python=
a = 100
b = 200
def cal(a, b):
x = a + b
return x
print(cal(7, 6))
print(a)
print(b)
```
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