---
# System prepended metadata

title: Phenotype

---

Phenotype
===
- ERM:    Estimated Relative Maturity
    -  a criteria or process to compare or group hybrids and varieties based on physiological maturity
    -  Relative maturity (RM) is determined by comparing grain moisture of hybrids at harvest. Corn is mature when kernels reach maximum dry weight
- MST:    Percent Moisture
    - The standard moisture for corn is 15.5 percent
    - ![](https://i.imgur.com/hNT2tv0.png)

- PHT:    Plant Height
    - Derive by point cloud or manual measurement
- RTLP:   Root Lodged Percent
    - High plant populations and overly wet soil cause root lodging where roots are displaced from soil
    -  hybrids vary in their tolerance to lodging
    -  root lodging can be directly tied to rootworm larvae feeding
    -  plants may lodge simply because of strong winds and saturated soils (may or may not exhibit rootworm damage)
    - Warm, dry conditions during corn's vegetative period result in deep root penetration while cool, wet conditions result in shallow root systems
    - Lodging did not affect plant development, but it did increase the number of barren plants
- STLP:   Percent Stalk Lodging
    - The timing of lodging can control its effect on yield, disease, grain moisture, quality, and evenness of ripening.
    - Caused by higher N application, higher wind speed, excessive soil moisture, soil density, storm damage, sowing date or over plant population
- TWT:    Test Weight (dry weight or fresh weight?)
- YLB_BE: Yield Best Estimate
- EHT:    Ear Height
    - An ear is the grain-bearing tip part of the stem of a cereal plant, such as wheat or maize. It can also refer to "a prominent lobe in some leaves.
    - For maize, ear is usually the 12th leaf.


## Reference
- ERM
    - [(maizex)](http://www.maizex.com/news/blog/understanding-relative-maturities#:~:text=The%20term%20%E2%80%9CRelative%20Maturity%E2%80%9D%20is,varieties%20based%20on%20physiological%20maturity.&text=Secondly%2C%20different%20seed%20companies%20use%20different%20formulas%20to%20rank%20their%20hybrids.)
    - http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/AA/A039.aspx

- MST
    - https://emergence.fbn.com/agronomy/when-to-harvest-corn-based-on-moisture

- RTLP and STLP

    - https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/corn/production/management/mid/silking.html
    - Lodging: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/plants-affected-by-lodging.htm
    - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322617914_Lodging_Significance_and_preventive_measures_for_increasing_crop_production

- Ear height:
    - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_(botany)#:~:text=An%20ear%20is%20the%20grain,packed%20rows%20of%20flowers%20grow.&text=In%20corn%20(maize)%2C%20it,protected%20by%20leaves%20called%20husks.